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Which of the following organisms is a secondary consumer?


A) leaves
B) caterpillars
C) sparrows
D) hawks
E) eagles

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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What do autotrophs require in order to produce food for themselves and all the heterotrophs?


A) sunlight, inorganic nutrients
B) sunlight, organic nutrients
C) an energy source, water
D) an energy source, inorganic nutrients
E) heat, water

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Organisms that live in an aquatic environment get their carbon from calcium carbonate shells on the bottom instead of from carbon dioxide in the environment.

A) True
B) False

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Which term is analogous to the word "niche"?


A) address
B) job description
C) properties
D) needs
E) desires

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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How is the nitrogen cycle like the carbon cycle?


A) Both are gaseous cycles.
B) Both require photosynthesis to utilize the chemical.
C) Both are lost to the atmosphere during cellular respiration.
D) Both are stored in fossil fuels.
E) Neither has a reservoir in nature.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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To say that something is a producer is to give information regarding its niche in an ecosystem.

A) True
B) False

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Hail and snow are examples of


A) evaporation.
B) precipitation.
C) runoff.
D) transpiration.
E) aquifers.

F) None of the above
G) All of the above

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Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?


A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) methane
D) nitrous oxide
E) hydrofluorocarbons

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Do all ecological pyramids have a broad base with a smaller top?

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The ratio between the uptake of carbon dioxide by photosynthesis and the release of carbon dioxide by respiration is approximately


A) one (i.e., about the same) .
B) 2 (i.e., twice as much carbon dioxide is taken up by photosynthesis as is released by respiration) .
C) 5 (i.e., five times as much carbon dioxide is taken up by photosynthesis as is released by respiration) .
D) 0.5 (i.e., half as much carbon dioxide is taken up by photosynthesis as is released by respiration) .
E) 0.1 (i.e., one tenth as much carbon dioxide is taken up by photosynthesis as is released by respiration) .

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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How is carbon dioxide used by living organisms?


A) by breathing
B) by cellular respiration
C) by photosynthesis
D) by combustion
E) by decay

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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When a rabbit eats a bean plant a portion of the available energy moves into the rabbits body. When the rabbit is eaten by a hawk a portion of the available energy moves into the hawks body. Indicate the various areas that energy is used by an organism and why only 10% of the rabbits available energy will move to the hawk.

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When an organism consumes energy only 10...

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Cultural eutrophication can be caused by


A) respiration and transpiration.
B) mercury from industrial sources.
C) bacteria and viruses from sewage and barnyard waste.
D) detergents, fertilizers, and sewage treatment plants.
E) biological magnification.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Phosphorus is needed by living organisms because it is a part of proteins.

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Minerals in rocks are considered what type of component of a chemical cycle?


A) reservoir
B) exchange pool
C) biotic community
D) biotic
E) none of these

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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How does phosphate enter the soil?


A) conversion in the atmosphere due to lightning
B) precipitation from clouds
C) weathering of rocks
D) photosynthesis
E) cellular respiration

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following defines an ecosystems?


A) a group of organisms of the same species interacting together
B) all of the living organisms in an area interacting together
C) all living organisms and the nonliving environment interacting together
D) aspects of the nonliving environment interacting together
E) all the places on Earth where living organisms can be found

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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There is more nitrogen gas in the atmosphere than there is oxygen.

A) True
B) False

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What is the reservoir for the water cycle?


A) ocean
B) lakes and rivers
C) rainfall
D) aquifers
E) atmosphere

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Timothy has become a vegan. He does not eat any meat, eggs, milk, or cheese. How would Timothy be classified?


A) producer
B) herbivore
C) carnivore
D) omnivore
E) detritus feeder

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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