A) phyletic gradualism can only happen with eukaryotes and punctuated equilibrium happens with prokaryotes.
B) punctuated equilibrium shows speciation in a relatively short time,while phyletic gradualism shows speciation as changes accumulate over vast periods of time.
C) phyletic gradualism shows speciation in a relatively short time,while punctuated equilibrium shows speciation as changes accumulate over vast periods of time.
D) phyletic gradualism shows in the fossil record and punctuated equilibrium does not.
E) There is no difference between punctuated equilibrium and phyletic gradualism.
G) B) and E)
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A) Selection for adaptation to a particular environment ensures that the population will become stronger and more viable under any and all conditions.
B) Only phenotypes are acted on by selection,so heterozygotes serve as a reservoir of recessive alleles that may be adaptive in a different environment.
C) Heterozygote superiority may lead to selection for the heterozygote above either homozygote.
D) Variation is maintained through mutation,recombination,gene flow,and changed conditions.
E) Variations allow for the presence of conditions such as sickle-cell anemia.
G) A) and C)
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A) a virus leading to disease and massive loss of life.
B) dinosaurs preying upon each other until they became extinct.
C) a meteor impact at the end of the Cretaceous era that caused major cooling.
D) new chemicals and ions in the environment which caused dinosaurs to become sterile.
E) mammals who were more adapted and more able to acquire similar resources.
G) A) and C)
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A) Inbreeding is mating between relatives more often than by chance.
B) Inbreeding is a change in allele frequencies that increases the proportion of heterozygotes in the population.
C) An example is when a tall man marries a tall woman.
D) Nonrandom mating tends to cause subdivision into two phenotypic classes with reduced gene flow between them.
E) An example is when the strongest male wins the opportunity to mate with his choice of females.
G) A) and D)
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A) comparative anatomy.
B) biogeography.
C) the fossil record.
D) geography.
E) biochemistry.
G) C) and D)
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A) The organisms vary in traits.
B) The acquired characteristics are inherited.
C) More young are born than can survive.
D) Some individuals are better adapted to the environment.
E) The environment selects for phenotype.
G) All of the above
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A) mutation
B) genetic drift
C) gene flow
D) nonrandom mating
E) natural selection
G) B) and C)
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A) they dominate life in the sea.
B) they were among the first animals to live on land and their variety outstrips all living things known.
C) they arose from mammal-like reptiles in the Triassic but remained small and insignificant while dinosaurs dominated the land.
D) mammals gave rise to birds.
E) mammals have been present since plants and other organisms first appeared on land.
G) A) and C)
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A) disruptive selection
B) directional selection
C) stabilizing selection
D) genetic drift selection
E) adaptive radiation
G) B) and D)
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A) The brown beetle migrated to island #1 and gave rise to the colored species on island #2 through adaptive radiation.
B) The colored species of beetle on island #1 migrated to island #2 and gave rise to the brown beetle through extinction.
C) The brown beetle evolved from the colored beetles on island #1 and then migrated to island #2.
D) The brown beetle gave rise to all of the colored beetles on island #2 which then migrated to island #1.
E) A beetle of some undetermined color gave rise to the beetles that are brown,green,purple,and black and they then migrated to different islands.
G) B) and D)
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A) It is more likely to occur in a large population than in a small population.
B) It may lead to an allele becoming fixed in a population when its alternative allele is lost from the population.
C) It increases the number of heterozygotes in a population.
D) It increases the level of rare alleles in a population.
E) It reduces the chances of mutation in a population.
G) B) and C)
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A) gene mutation.
B) polymorphism.
C) gene frequency.
D) disruption.
E) allele frequency.
G) D) and E)
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A) structural proteins.
B) basic biochemical molecules that are universal.
C) blood type molecules.
D) similarities only based on available dietary proteins.
E) There are no restrictions,any amino acids for any structure would provide a legitimate comparison among organisms.
G) B) and C)
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A) no net mutations
B) no net migration of alleles into or out of the population
C) small population with genetic drift
D) no selection of one genotype over another
E) sexually reproducing and random mating population
G) C) and D)
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A) the process of evolution.
B) the size of a population.
C) the rate of speciation of species p and q.
D) genotype frequencies of a nonevolving population.
E) evolution of a population.
G) D) and E)
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A) genetic drift
B) gene flow
C) gene pool
D) adaptive radiation
E) community
G) A) and E)
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A) slow and steady change within a lineage before and after a divergence
B) long periods of stasis
C) no visible change in a species for long periods
D) rapid periods of speciation
E) relatively few transitional species
G) All of the above
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A) There is variation that can be inherited in a population.
B) The population always becomes adapted to its environment.
C) Many more individuals are produced by a population than can survive and reproduce.
D) Adaptive characteristics in some individuals make them more likely to survive and reproduce.
E) Heritable variations must be passed on the subsequent generations.
G) C) and D)
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A) Directional selection works better on islands.
B) Competition from many other bird species on the mainland provided stabilizing selection that was absent on the islands.
C) The environment on the mainland was completely uniform.
D) The founder effect greatly expanded the variation in alleles in the Galápagos finch gene pool.
E) The ancestral mainland finch was reproductively isolated.
G) B) and C)
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A) comparative anatomy.
B) biogeography.
C) the fossil record.
D) comparative embryology.
E) comparative biochemistry.
G) A) and B)
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