Question 1

Lightning, fires, and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO3, from atmospheric N2, O2, and H2O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO3 by this route.

Accepted Answer

N₂(g) + O₂(g)  2...

Question 2

Transition elements from the right side of the periodic table are generally found as

Accepted Answer

A)   sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur.
B)   sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion.
C)   oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen.
D)   oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them.
E)   none of the aboveF) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

The industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen accounts for a greater amount of nitrogen fixation than either the atmospheric or the biological pathways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Accepted Answer

A)   aluminite.
B)   hematite.
C)   galena.
D)   cinnabar.
E)   bauxite.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is

Accepted Answer

A)   H.
B)   Fe.
C)   Al.
D)   Si.
E)   O.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 7

The Earth's core consists mainly of

Accepted Answer

A)   Ni.
B)   O.
C)   Al.
D)   Si.
E)   Fe.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

The mass of the atmosphere has been estimated to be 5.2 × 1021 g, while the average molar mass of atmospheric gases is 28.9 g/mol. If the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 360 ppm by volume, calculate the mass of this gas in the atmosphere, in billions of metric tons, bmt. (1 bmt = 1012 kg)

Accepted Answer

Question 9

Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to

Accepted Answer

A)   convert silicon and phosphorus oxides to slag which can be decanted from the molten steel.
B)   serve as a scrubber to remove sulfur dioxide from the gases leaving the furnace.
C)   remove any traces of acid which could weaken the steel.
D)   add a small amount of oxygen to the steel to prevent corrosion and increase its strength.
E)   create gangue.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

The process of converting metal sulfides to metal oxides is called

Accepted Answer

A)   roasting.
B)   smelting.
C)   reduction.
D)   leaching.
E)   oxidation.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

Accepted Answer

A)   it is a good source of fluoride ions.
B)   it reduces the energy requirement of the process, due to its low melting point.
C)   it provides a source of fluorine, an oxidizing agent.
D)   it provides a source of sodium, a reducing agent.
E)   it is very soluble in water.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?

Accepted Answer

A)   Al2O3
B)   Al(OH) 3
C)   F-
D)   AlF63-
E)   CF) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 13

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

Accepted Answer

A)   roasting.
B)   leaching.
C)   smelting.
D)   flotation.
E)   hydration.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)   The electrolysis of aqueous solutions of the alkali metals requires more energy than electrolysis of the molten salts.
B)   The dissolved alkali earth halides are too reactive to be electrolyzed.
C)   The aqueous metal ions are more difficult to reduce than water.
D)   The reduction potentials of the alkali metals are more positive than the reduction potential of water.
E)   The aqueous metal ions react violently with water.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

The leaching of gold can be represented by the equation
4Au(s) + O2(s) + 8CN-(aq) + 2H2O(l) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 4Au(CN)2-(aq) + 4OH-(aq)
In this reaction, identify the oxidant, the reductant and the oxidation numbers of the elements which change.

Accepted Answer

The oxidant is O₂, the reductan...

Question 16

Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 17

The Downs cell is used in the production of

Accepted Answer

A)   copper.
B)   hydrogen.
C)   iron.
D)   magnesium.
E)   sodium.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

What elements are alloyed to make stainless steel?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fe and C
B)   Fe and Mn
C)   Fe and Ni
D)   Cr and C
E)   Fe, Cr, and NiF) D) and E)
G) All of the above E

Question 19

Which of the following reactions is a good small-scale laboratory method for preparation of hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)   CH4(g)  + H2O(g)   CO(g)  + 3H2(g) 
B)   3FeCl2(s)  + 4H2O(g)   Fe3O4(s)  + 6HCl(g)  + H2(g) 
C)   NaH(s)  + H2O(l)   NaOH(aq)  + H2(g) 
D)   CO(g)  + H2O (g)   CO2(g)  + H2(g) 
E)   None of the above methods is useful.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

Describe, and give reasons for, the fundamental bonding differences between transition metal sulfides and transition metal oxides.

Accepted Answer

Transition metal oxides are ionic in nat...

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

Lightning, fires, and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO₃, from atmospheric N₂, O₂,and H₂O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO₃ by this route.

Correct Answer
verified
N₂(g) + O₂(g)  2...
View Answer

Transition elements from the right side of the periodic table are generally found as

Correct Answer
verified

The industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen accounts for a greater amount of nitrogen fixation than either the atmospheric or the biological pathways.

Correct Answer
verified
False

Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.

Correct Answer
verified

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Correct Answer
verified

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is

Correct Answer
verified

The Earth's core consists mainly of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to

Correct Answer
verified

The process of converting metal sulfides to metal oxides is called

Correct Answer
verified

Cryolite, Na₃AlF₆, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?

Correct Answer
verified

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

Correct Answer
verified

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

Correct Answer
verified

The leaching of gold can be represented by the equation 4Au(s) + O₂(s) + 8CN^-(aq) + 2H₂O(l)  4Au(CN)₂^-(aq) + 4OH^-(aq) In this reaction, identify the oxidant, the reductant and the oxidation numbers of the elements which change.

Correct Answer
verified
The oxidant is O₂, the reductan...
View Answer

Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.

Correct Answer
verified
True

The Downs cell is used in the production of

Correct Answer
verified

What elements are alloyed to make stainless steel?

Correct Answer
verified
E

Which of the following reactions is a good small-scale laboratory method for preparation of hydrogen?

Correct Answer
verified

Describe, and give reasons for, the fundamental bonding differences between transition metal sulfides and transition metal oxides.

Correct Answer
verified
Transition metal oxides are ionic in nat...
View Answer

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

Lightning, fires, and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO3, from atmospheric N2, O2, and H2O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO3 by this route.

Correct AnswerverifiedN2(g) + O2(g)  2...View AnswerShow Answer

Transition elements from the right side of the periodic table are generally found as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen accounts for a greater amount of nitrogen fixation than either the atmospheric or the biological pathways.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Earth's core consists mainly of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of converting metal sulfides to metal oxides is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The leaching of gold can be represented by the equation 4Au(s) + O2(s) + 8CN-(aq) + 2H2O(l)  4Au(CN)2-(aq) + 4OH-(aq) In this reaction, identify the oxidant, the reductant and the oxidation numbers of the elements which change.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe oxidant is O2, the reductan...View AnswerShow Answer

Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

The Downs cell is used in the production of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What elements are alloyed to make stainless steel?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Which of the following reactions is a good small-scale laboratory method for preparation of hydrogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe, and give reasons for, the fundamental bonding differences between transition metal sulfides and transition metal oxides.

Correct AnswerverifiedTransition metal oxides are ionic in nat...View AnswerShow Answer

Lightning, fires, and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO₃, from atmospheric N₂, O₂,and H₂O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO₃ by this route.

Correct Answer
verified
N₂(g) + O₂(g)  2...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
False

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Cryolite, Na₃AlF₆, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The leaching of gold can be represented by the equation 4Au(s) + O₂(s) + 8CN^-(aq) + 2H₂O(l)  4Au(CN)₂^-(aq) + 4OH^-(aq) In this reaction, identify the oxidant, the reductant and the oxidation numbers of the elements which change.

Correct Answer
verified
The oxidant is O₂, the reductan...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
True

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
E

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Transition metal oxides are ionic in nat...
View Answer