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Patty O'Rourke hired an attorney to represent her in a court case involving an auto accident.The attorney charged O'Rourke a fee for his services.Terry Thomas needed a haircut--the local stylist charged him $12 for her services.Aaron Mathison mowed his neighbor's lawn; in exchange, the neighbor roto-tilled Mathison's garden.The attorney fees paid by O'Rourke, the $12 charged by the hair stylist, and exchange of lawn mowing for garden tilling are examples of


A) price.
B) barter.
C) fee setting.
D) unfair market exchanges.
E) product fares.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The quantity at which total revenue and total cost are equal is referred to as


A) break-even point.
B) point of maximum profit.
C) coverage amount.
D) incremental return quantity.
E) shadow price quantity.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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A price premium is the percentage by which the actual price charged for a specific brand exceeds (or falls short of) a benchmark established for a similar product or basket of products.This premium can be calculated as:


A) price premium equals dollar sales market share for a brand, divided by unit volume market share, minus 1.
B) price premium equals unit volume share divided by dollar sales market share, minus 1.
C) price premium equals dollar sales market share for a brand, multiplied by unit volume share, plus 1.
D) price premium equals dollar sales market share for a brand, divided by unit volume market share, plus 1.
E) price premium equals dollar sales market share for a brand, divided by unit volume market share, minus the number of competitors against which a brand is being measured.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following is a typical example of a variable cost?


A) rent on a building
B) executive salaries
C) insurance premiums
D) lease on delivery trucks
E) cost of maintaining inventory

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The most commonly used pricing method for business products is _________.


A) target return on investment
B) customary
C) standard markup
D) target profit
E) cost-plus pricing

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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What is the difference between a movement along a demand curve and a shift of a demand curve?

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A movement along a demand curve assumes ...

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Explain why odd-even pricing may be successful.

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Odd-even pricing presumes that customers...

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Price fixing refers to


A) an arrangement a manufacturer makes with a reseller to handle only its products and not those of a competitor.
B) the practice of charging a very low price for a product with the intent of driving competitors out of business.
C) the practice of charging different prices to different buyers for goods of like grade and quality.
D) a conspiracy among firms to set prices for a product.
E) a seller's requirement that the purchaser of one product also buy another product in the line.

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Bob Biltmore owns dozens of very successful print shops throughout the Midwest.Biltmore's shops specialize in low cost black and white copies and feature user-friendly machines consumers can easily operate.In recent months, Biltmore has noticed many more competitors in the areas where his stores are located.In an attempt to eliminate the competition, Biltmore has decided to charge a very low price for his black and white copies, a price so low his competitors will be forced out of business.After the competition has been driven out, Biltmore plans to raise the price of his copies.Biltmore is planning to engage in the illegal practice of


A) price fixing.
B) price inflation.
C) predatory pricing.
D) competitive pricing.
E) price flighting.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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If an invoice for $45,000 is billed 2/10 net 30, what is the highest annual interest rate that one would rationally pay to borrow money in order to take advantage of the cash discount if the only consideration is a lower annual interest rate than charged on the invoice?


A) 71.9 percent
B) 9.9 percent
C) 17.9 percent
D) 23.9 percent
E) 35.9 percent

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Talbot's sells women's clothes.A simple tee shirt with the Talbot's label costs $25.If you know you simply want a tee shirt, you can buy one for $5 at a Family Dollar Store, but it won't have the Talbot's label or quality.What kind of demand-oriented approach to pricing is being used by this manufacturer?


A) experience curve pricing
B) skimming pricing
C) demand-backward pricing
D) prestige pricing
E) flexible pricing

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Vizio, Inc.'s long term goal for the next 20 to 30 years is to


A) have at least one of their products in every single home in the United States.
B) have production facilities in every state, not only to generate profits for themselves, but to help the local economy.
C) be the next Sony.
D) to have every aspect of the product from design to component parts, made or manufactured in the United States.
E) create the first completely wireless HDTVs and multi-media systems.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Factors that limit the range of prices a firm may set are referred to as


A) pricing objectives.
B) pricing restraints.
C) pricing constraints.
D) pricing elasticity.
E) the pricing environment.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Mark Johnson, the manager of a discount consumer electronics store, has been approached by the manufacturer of a popular and profitable line of compact disk storage racks regarding the retail price charged for the racks at Johnson's store.The manufacturer's representative has implied that if Johnson doesn't raise the retail prices for the storage racks to those charged by the manufacturer's non-discount customers, Johnson's supply of racks may be severely curtailed.The manufacturer is guilty of attempting


A) horizontal price-fixing.
B) resale price maintenance.
C) price discrimination.
D) predatory pricing.
E) bait and switch pricing.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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How do consumers use price as an indicator of value?

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From a consumer's standpoint, price is o...

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Factors that limit the range of prices a firm may set are referred to as _________.


A) pricing restraints
B) pricing constraints
C) demand factors
D) pricing barriers
E) pricing restrictions

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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When Hallmark cards introduced a line of $.99 cards (about half the price of the previously less expensive cards sold by Hallmark) , the greeting card company was trying to appeal to a mass market that was price sensitive.Hallmark was using a __________ pricing strategy.


A) prestige
B) skimming
C) penetration
D) demand-backward
E) experience-curve

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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Setting a high price so that quality-or status-conscious consumers will be attracted to the product and buy it is referred to as


A) skimming pricing.
B) status pricing.
C) price lining.
D) value pricing.
E) prestige pricing.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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FIGURE 12-9 FIGURE 12-9   -Eddie Bauer (Figure 12-9 above)  uses a __________ price policy for its Thursday nationwide price markdowns. A) price lining B) customary C) flexible D) fixing E) discretionary -Eddie Bauer (Figure 12-9 above) uses a __________ price policy for its Thursday nationwide price markdowns.


A) price lining
B) customary
C) flexible
D) fixing
E) discretionary

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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In response to Duracell's introduction of the Duracell Ultra battery, Energizer introduced an Advanced Formula battery, but unlike Duracell, Energizer priced its batteries at a low initial price to attract the mass market.Energizer used


A) penetration pricing.
B) prestige pricing.
C) skimming pricing.
D) price lining.
E) cost-plus fixed-fee pricing.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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