Question 1

When electrons are removed from a food molecule,the molecule is

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced.
B)  in equilibrium.
C)  oxidized.
D)  polymerizeD.
E)  conducting an endergonic reaction.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?",CFTR moves chloride ions out of cells by active transport.What can be inferred from this statement when the CFTR is functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloride concentrations become higher on the outside of the cell.
B)  Chloride concentrations become higher on the inside of the cell.
C)  Sodium concentrations become higher on the outside of the cell.
D)  Sodium concentrations become higher on the inside of the cell.
E)  Water crosses membranes by active transport.F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 3

Competitive inhibition of enzymes

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when a substance other than the correct substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
B)  occurs when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site.
C)  occurs by denaturation of an enzyme.
D)  occurs by blocking the production of an enzyme.
E)  occurs when two enzymes bind together.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Whenever ATP is produced by a chemical reaction some energy is lost into the surroundings as heat.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Diffusion occurs naturally as it ___ of a system.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases the kinetic energy
B)  increases the potential energy
C)  increases the entropy
D)  decreases the equilibrium
E)  All answers are correct.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 6

In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?",what is the dependent variable in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of defective copies of the CFTR gene in mice
B)  the number of defective copies of the CFTR gene in humans
C)  the amount of fluid in the intestines
D)  whether or not the subjects were exposed to cholera toxin
E)  whether or not the subjects were exposed to Vibrio cholera bacteriaF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?",what hypothesis were the scientists testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Defects in CFTR cause cholerA.
B)  Defective CFTR makes people more sensitive to cholera.
C)  Defective CFTR gives people natural resistance to cholera.
D)  Cholera causes cystic fibrosis.
E)  Cholera increases the risk of transmission of cystic fibrosis.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

An enzyme is a lipid that catalyzes chemical reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Reduction means

Accepted Answer

A)  the gain of oxygen by a cell.
B)  the loss of oxygen from a cell.
C)  the gain of electrons by an atom or molecule.
D)  the loss of electrons by an atom or molecule.
E)  the loss of protons by an atom or moleculE.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

The wood in a match is made of cellulose,a polymer of glucose molecules.When you light the match heat and light are given off,indicating that a(n) ________ reaction is occurring.

Accepted Answer

A)  endergonic
B)  kinetic energy
C)  exergonic
D)  potential energy
E)  equilibriumF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 11

The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water is

Accepted Answer

A)  a endergonic reaction in photosynthesis.
B)  an endergonic reaction in cellular respiration.
C)  an exergonic reaction in photosynthesis.
D)  an exergonic reaction in cellular respiration.
E)  None of the answers are correct.F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

The first and second laws of thermodynamics apply to nonliving systems like gasoline engines but do not apply to reactions in living cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Oxidation-reduction reactions

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer electrons from one molecule to another.
B)  are not used by living cells.
C)  transfer protons from one molecule to another.
D)  reduce the amount of oxygen in the cell.
E)  increase the amount of oxygen in the cell.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  potential energy.
B)  oxidation.
C)  reduction.
D)  active transport.
E)  diffusion.F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 15

Simple diffusion

Accepted Answer

A)  requires energy.
B)  utilizes proteins to move molecules across a membrane.
C)  moves molecules against a concentration gradient.
D)  cannot occur without a membrane present.
E)  does not require energy.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 16

In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?",what did the scientists conclude from the data represented in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fewer copies of a defective CFTR gene an organism has,the more resistant it is to cholera toxin.
B)  The number of defective CFTR genes was unrelated to cholera resistance.
C)  The more cholera toxin an organism was exposed to,the more copies of its CFTR gene that became defective.
D)  The more cholera toxin an organism was exposed to,the fewer copies of its CFTR gene that became defective.
E)  The more copies of a defective CFTR gene an organism has,the more resistant it is to cholera toxin.F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 17

In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?",one in 25 caucasians is a carrier for the defective CFTR gene,making it the most common genetic disease in this population.Why are the frequency of defects in CFTR so common in caucasians?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carriers with one copy of the defective CFTR gene have decreased resistance to cholera compared to those with no defective copies.
B)  These individuals were exposed to cholera,causing mutations in their CFTR gene that can then be passed on to their children.
C)  Carriers will be more likely to have children who develop cystic fibrosis.
D)  Carriers with one copy of the defective CFTR gene have increased resistance to cholera compared to those with no defective copies.
E)  Only carriers would be able to survive exposure to cholera.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an example of kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  heat
B)  light
C)  sound
D)  the energy in chemical bonds
E)  random molecular movementF) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius is a

Accepted Answer

A)  calorie.
B)  joule.
C)  kilocalorie.
D)  measure of density.
E)  measure of light.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 20

After ATP donates a phosphate group to a coupled reaction,then it becomes ADP.The ADP

Accepted Answer

A)  can be recharged in an exergonic reaction to form ATP.
B)  is a waste product that will be broken down.
C)  can be recharged in an equilibrium reaction to form ATP.
D)  can be recharged in an oxidation reaction to form ATP.
E)  can be recharged in an endergonic reaction to form ATP.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Exam 4: The Energy of Life

The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water is

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When electrons are removed from a food molecule,the molecule is

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An enzyme is a lipid that catalyzes chemical reactions.

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Whenever ATP is produced by a chemical reaction some energy is lost into the surroundings as heat.

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Oxidation-reduction reactions

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After ATP donates a phosphate group to a coupled reaction,then it becomes ADP.The ADP

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The wood in a match is made of cellulose,a polymer of glucose molecules.When you light the match heat and light are given off,indicating that a(n) ________ reaction is occurring.

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In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?",what is the dependent variable in the figure?

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Competitive inhibition of enzymes

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Reduction means

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In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?",what hypothesis were the scientists testing?

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Which of the following is NOT an example of kinetic energy?

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Diffusion occurs naturally as it ___ of a system.

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Simple diffusion

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In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?",what did the scientists conclude from the data represented in the figure?

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In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?",CFTR moves chloride ions out of cells by active transport.What can be inferred from this statement when the CFTR is functioning?

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In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?",one in 25 caucasians is a carrier for the defective CFTR gene,making it the most common genetic disease in this population.Why are the frequency of defects in CFTR so common in caucasians?

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The first and second laws of thermodynamics apply to nonliving systems like gasoline engines but do not apply to reactions in living cells.

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The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius is a

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Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient occurs during

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