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Identify the possible reinforcement schedules described below and explain the effects of each on employees: 1.For every five times Justin cleans his dorm room,his roommate will pay for a video and snacks. 2.Herb likes to gamble.Slot machines are his favorite. 3.Rebecca likes her job at the coffee shop because she receives a paycheck every Friday. Vance is a storm chaser who is always looking for the next F4 tornado.The reinforcement schedules are as follows: 1.This is fixed ratio.For every five times Justin cleans his dorm room,his roommate will buy the entertainment. 2.This is variable ratio.Slot machine returns. 3.This is fixed interval.Rebecca likes counting on her paycheck. 4.This is variable interval.torm chasers get reinforced on a variable interval schedule,assuming they want to periodically get the chance to chase after a tornado.

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It's not just the reinforcement that in...

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What are the three general criteria used for distributing rewards? Give an example of each.

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The three general criteria used for dist...

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Barry set himself a goal of bowling at least one game above 250 (out of 300 possible) before the end of the season.This is a ________ goal.


A) learning
B) procedural
C) performance
D) equity
E) project

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Dr.Slotsky is a well-liked professor.Last term,no one received less than a B in any of his courses.Dr.Slotsky may be suffering from _________ perceptual error.


A) halo
B) leniency
C) central tendency
D) recency
E) contrast effects

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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Janelle filled out a peer evaluation rating form for her teammates in her OB class.She rated everyone as a "3" or "4" on the 6-point scale.This is an example of ___________ perceptual error.


A) halo
B) leniency
C) central tendency
D) recency
E) contrast effects

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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In order to fit a situation,a manager should consider creating behavioral,objective,or task/project goals as appropriate.

A) True
B) False

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What is pay for performance? Do pay-for-performance plans make organizations more effective? How should organizations make pay for performance work for them?

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Pay for performance is the popular term ...

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The law of effect states that


A) whatever can go wrong, will go wrong.
B) behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated.
C) behavior with unfavorable consequences tends to be repeated.
D) garbage in, garbage out.
E) leadership affects how people perform.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Dr.Davis,an accounting professor,is concerned that he was not engaging his students as much as he would like.He asks his boss,the department chair,and two of his colleagues to sit in on one of his classes,to give him comments and suggestions for improvement.He also passes out student evaluation forms.Dr.Davis is


A) providing positive reinforcement for himself.
B) conducting a 360-degree feedback process.
C) developing an action plan.
D) creating a contrast effect process.
E) conducting research.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following is not an appropriate measure of goal achievement?


A) timeliness
B) lack of interpersonal conflict
C) quantity
D) quality
E) financial measures

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Describe the basic types of contingent consequences and their effects on a target behavior.Give an example of each.

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Contingent consequences,according to Ski...

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Which of the following is not included in the monitoring step of performance management?


A) measuring performance
B) verifying progress
C) deciding how to measure performance
D) verifying achievement of goals
E) tracking performance
Monitoring performance involves measuring, tracking, or otherwise verifying progress and ultimate performance. Deciding how to measure performance would occur prior to setting performance expectations.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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CQZ Design started off as a small partnership of three people.Five years later,they have a staff of 18 in sales,office and production roles.One partner manages sales,another the office,and the last partner manages production.Aside from looking at their financial status,the partners don't know how to manage their employees.How can performance management help them?

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Performance management is a set of proce...

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Papa Bill's,a local pizza chain,institutes a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas.Drivers are paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery,payable at the next pay period.However,a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced.Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected?


A) The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior.
B) Employees viewed the $1.00 incentive as an entitlement.
C) The delay was too long between the performance and the reward.
D) The organization placed too much emphasis on monetary rewards.
E) The reward lacked an "appreciation effect."

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Ferdinand sets a goal for himself of finishing the first draft of a project report by Friday.This is a performance goal.

A) True
B) False

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In the context of goal setting,SMART stands for


A) specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time-bound.
B) specific, measurable, aligned, results-oriented, time-bound.
C) sequential, measurable, aligned, results-oriented, time-bound.
D) specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, time-bound.
E) sequential, measurable, attainable, realistic, time-bound.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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In the leniency perceptual error,a person


A) forms an overall impression, and then uses that impression to bias ratings.
B) avoids all extreme judgments and rates everyone as average or neutral.
C) evaluates people by comparing them with characteristics of recently observed people.
D) consistently evaluates people in an extremely positive fashion.
E) relies on most recent information.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Using examples,explain how organizations can use the ideas behind reinforcement schedules to increase organizational performance.

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The majority of work organizations rely ...

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Lenore has a fight with her best friend,Samantha,and doesn't want to speak to her.She unfriends her on social media.By doing this,Lenore is using _________,thereby removing consequences from an undesirable behavior.


A) extinction
B) punishment
C) negative reinforcement
D) respondent behavior
E) operant behavior

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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Carolyn is a very likable employee.Recently,her boss rated her at the highest level in all areas of performance,even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment.This is an example of a ___________ perceptual error.


A) halo
B) leniency
C) central tendency
D) recency
E) contrast

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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