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The income effect of a price change is depicted by


A) a parallel shift of the budget constraint at the old set of prices.
B) a parallel shift of the budget constraint at the new set of prices.
C) a movement along the budget constraint holding the level of satisfaction constant.
D) not observable and is therefore neither a shift nor a change in the slope of the budget constraint.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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A decrease in income will cause a consumer's budget constraint to


A) shift outward, parallel to its initial position.
B) shift inward, parallel to its initial position.
C) pivot along the horizontal axis.
D) pivot along the vertical axis.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Figure 21-26 Figure 21-26   -Refer to Figure 21-26. Rhonda experiences an increase in her hourly wage. Her optimal choice point moves from A to B. For Rhonda, A)  her labor supply curve is backward bending. B)  her labor supply curve is upward sloping. C)  leisure is a normal good. D)  both a and c are correct. -Refer to Figure 21-26. Rhonda experiences an increase in her hourly wage. Her optimal choice point moves from A to B. For Rhonda,


A) her labor supply curve is backward bending.
B) her labor supply curve is upward sloping.
C) leisure is a normal good.
D) both a and c are correct.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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All points on a demand curve are optimal consumption points.

A) True
B) False

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Abby, Bobbi, and Deborah each buy ice cream and paperback novels to enjoy on hot summer days. Ice cream costs $5 per gallon, and paperback novels cost $8 each. Abby has a budget of $80, Bobbi has a budget of $60, and Deborah has a budget of $40 to spend on ice cream and paperback novels. Who can afford to purchase 4 gallons of ice cream and 5 paperback novels?


A) Abby, Bobbi, and Deborah
B) Abby only
C) Abby and Bobbi, but not Deborah
D) None of the women can afford to purchase 4 gallons of ice cream and 5 paperback novels.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Figure 21-5 (a) (b) Figure 21-5 (a)  (b)       -Refer to Figure 21-5. In graph (b) , what is the price of good X relative to the price of good Y (i.e., Px/Py) ? A)  1 B)  1/3 C)  3 D)  10 Figure 21-5 (a)  (b)       -Refer to Figure 21-5. In graph (b) , what is the price of good X relative to the price of good Y (i.e., Px/Py) ? A)  1 B)  1/3 C)  3 D)  10 -Refer to Figure 21-5. In graph (b) , what is the price of good X relative to the price of good Y (i.e., Px/Py) ?


A) 1
B) 1/3
C) 3
D) 10

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The theory of consumer choice illustrates that people face tradeoffs, which is one of the Ten Principles of Economics.

A) True
B) False

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Assume that a college student spends her income on mac-n-cheese and CDs. The price of one box of mac-n- cheese is $1, and the price of one CD is $12. If she has $200 of income, she could choose to consume


A) 30 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 12 CDs.
B) 40 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 14 CDs.
C) 20 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 16 CDs.
D) 60 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 12 CDs.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Irrespective of whether she is at her optimum, Jenna's valuation of coffee relative to orange juice can be measured by


A) her marginal rate of substitution between coffee and orange juice.
B) the price of coffee relative to the price of orange juice.
C) the ratio of the quantity of coffee that she buys relative to the quantity of orange juice that she buys.
D) the ratio of the quantity of coffee supplied in the market to the quantity of orange juice supplied in the market.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Figure 21-24 The figure shows three indifference curves and a budget constraint for a certain consumer named Steve. Figure 21-24 The figure shows three indifference curves and a budget constraint for a certain consumer named Steve.   -Refer to Figure 21-24. At his optimum, Steve is buying A)  0.6 pounds of apples. B)  2.0 pounds of apples. C)  4.5 pounds of apples. D)  5.5 pounds of apples. -Refer to Figure 21-24. At his optimum, Steve is buying


A) 0.6 pounds of apples.
B) 2.0 pounds of apples.
C) 4.5 pounds of apples.
D) 5.5 pounds of apples.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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If a good is a Giffen good, then


A) the supply curve is downward sloping.
B) the demand curve is upward sloping.
C) the demand curve is horizontal.
D) there is no optimal level of consumption for the consumer.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Andi uses all of her income to purchase books and games. At any two points A and B on Andi's budget constraint,


A) Andi is spending all of her income on books and games.
B) Andi is spending one half of her income on books and the other half of her income on games.
C) the price of books relative to the price of games is different.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Pepsi and pizza are normal goods. When the price of pizza falls, the substitution effect by itself will cause a


A) shift to a lower indifference curve so that the consumer buys less Pepsi.
B) shift to a higher indifference curve so that the consumer buys more Pepsi.
C) movement along the indifference curve so that the consumer buys more Pepsi.
D) movement along the indifference curve so that the consumer buys less Pepsi.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Traci consumes two goods, lemonade and pretzels. Lemonade costs $2 per glass, and she consumes it to the point where the marginal utility she receives from her last glass of lemonade is 4. Pretzels cost $3 per bag. The relationship between the marginal utility Traci gets from eating a bag of pretzels and the number of bags she eats per month is as follows: Traci consumes two goods, lemonade and pretzels. Lemonade costs $2 per glass, and she consumes it to the point where the marginal utility she receives from her last glass of lemonade is 4. Pretzels cost $3 per bag. The relationship between the marginal utility Traci gets from eating a bag of pretzels and the number of bags she eats per month is as follows:   If Traci is maximizing her utility, how many bags of pretzels does she buy each month? A)  3 B)  4 C)  5 D)  6 If Traci is maximizing her utility, how many bags of pretzels does she buy each month?


A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Scenario 21-4 Frank spends all of his income of $240 per month on shirts and hats. The price of a shirt is $40 and the price of a hat is $30. -Refer to Scenario 21-4. If Frank uses all of his income to buy hats during a certain month, then how many hats does he buy?

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Frank buys...

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The income effect of a price change is the change in consumption that results from the movement to a new indifference curve.

A) True
B) False

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The marginal rate of substitution between two goods always equals the


A) marginal utility of one divided by the marginal utility of the other.
B) marginal utility of one times the marginal utility of the other.
C) price of one good divided by the price of the other.
D) Both a and c are correct.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Figure 21-32 The figure shows three indifference curves and a budget constraint for a consumer named Hannah. When young, Hannah works and earns income. When old, she is retired and earns no income. Figure 21-32 The figure shows three indifference curves and a budget constraint for a consumer named Hannah. When young, Hannah works and earns income. When old, she is retired and earns no income.   -Refer to Figure 21-32. How much income does Hannah earn when she is young? -Refer to Figure 21-32. How much income does Hannah earn when she is young?

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Hannah ear...

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The slope of a consumer's budget constraint is unaffected by a change in income.

A) True
B) False

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Figure 21-18 Figure 21-18   -Refer to Figure 21-18. Given the budget constraint depicted in the graph, the consumer's optimal choice will be point A)  B. B)  C. C)  D. D)  E. -Refer to Figure 21-18. Given the budget constraint depicted in the graph, the consumer's optimal choice will be point


A) B.
B) C.
C) D.
D) E.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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