Question 1

A fertilized egg is called a _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  zygote
B)  ovule
C)  oocyte
D)  blastocystE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

The finding that homeotic genes are present in both mammals and insects indicates that these genes must

Accepted Answer

A)  control the same traits.
B)  be on the same chromosomes.
C)  have arisen very early in the evolutionary history of animals.
D)  have developed simultaneously.
E)  code for the exact same proteins.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 3

________,the initial period of division in a zygote,is not accompanied by any increase in the overall size of the embryo.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitosis
B)  Cleavage
C)  Meiosis
D)  FertilizationE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,if the vegetal marginal cells lack a functional FGF receptor,the development of which of the following structures would be affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  the notochord and mesenchyme
B)  the underlying endoderm
C)  the overlying ectoderm
D)  muscle cellsE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

In Drosophila,the initial cells formed by cleavage contain different determinants.The determinants direct the path of development.What type of development path is used by Drosophila?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulative development
B)  cleavage development
C)  mosaic development
D)  morphogen development
E)  induction developmentF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 6

A hollow ball of cells that results from repeated cell divisions is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  blastomere.
B)  gastrula.
C)  blastula.
D)  somite.
E)  imaginal disk.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

Which of the following represents the correct order of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  pair-rule genes,gap genes,segment polarity genes
B)  gap genes,pair-rule genes,segment polarity genes
C)  gap genes,segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes
D)  segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes,gap genesE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

If a Drosophila mother is mutant for dorsal,her embryos would

Accepted Answer

A)  develop normally.
B)  have a delay in the development of dorsal/ventral polarity.
C)  lack dorsal structures.
D)  lack ventral structures.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The term neoplasia refers to cell accumulation.Neoplasia can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  increased apoptosis.
B)  decreased apoptosis.
C)  blood clots
D)  cell membrane interactionsE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

In a cell transplantation experiment,one must

Accepted Answer

A)  label the host cells with cell lineage or genetic markers.
B)  label the donor cells with cell lineage or genetic markers.
C)  label the host cells with a cell lineage marker and the donor cell with a genetic marker.
D)  label the host cells with a genetic marker and the donor cell with a cell lineage marker.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the apoptotic pathway in mammalian cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bcl2 inhibits Apar1,Apaf1 activates Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell components
B)  Bcl2 activates Apar1,Apaf1 inhibits Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell components
C)  Bcl2 activates Apar1,Apaf1 activates Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell components
D)  Apar1 inhibits Bcl2,Bcl2 activates Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell componentsE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Cells that are programmed to die,shrivel and shrink in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  apoptosis.
B)  necrosis.
C)  totipotency.
D)  induction.
E)  encoded death.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

If one were to inject bicoid+ cytoplasm into the middle of a Drosophila egg immediately prior to fertilization,the embryo would

Accepted Answer

A)  try to form anterior structures in the middle of its body.
B)  try to form posterior structures in the middle of its body.
C)  not develop at all.
D)  develop normally.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Egg cells were combined with ______ to form the cloned sheep named Dolly.

Accepted Answer

A)  skin cells
B)  sperm cells
C)  mucous membrane cells
D)  mammary cells
E)  ovarian cellsF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 15

A fly that expresses the bicoid mutant phenotype

Accepted Answer

A)  is genetically wild-type,but has a bicoid mutant mother.
B)  is mutant for bicoid and has a bicoid mutant mother.
C)  may be either genetically wild-type or mutant for bicoid,but definitely has a bicoid mutant mother.
D)  can be either genetically wild-type or mutant for bicoiD.The genotype of the mother cannot be determined from the information provideD.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Cells that die of injury usually swell and then burst.Their contents are released into the extracellular fluid.This form of cell death is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  apoptosis.
B)  necrosis.
C)  totipotency.
D)  induction.
E)  encoded death.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 17

The elongated structure that links the embryo of a developing plant to its nutrient source is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  suspensor.
B)  meristem.
C)  vascular tissue.
D)  imaginal connection.
E)  syncytial blastoderm.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

The main difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning is that

Accepted Answer

A)  in therapeutic cloning,embryonic stem cells are extracted from the blastocyst,while in reproductive cloning,the blastocyst is kept intact and implanted into a surrogate mother.
B)  somatic cell nuclear transfer is used for therapeutic cloning,while gametic cell nuclear transfer is used in reproductive cloning,the blastocyst is kept intact and implanted into a surrogate mother.
C)  unlike cells used for reproductive cloning,cells grown for therapeutic purposes do not display genetic imprinting problems.
D)  unlike cells used for reproductive cloning,cells grown for therapeutic purposes do not require the destruction of embryos.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

The low success rate and age-related diseases associated with reproductive cloning is thought to be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic imprinting.
B)  the age of the donor cell.
C)  cell cycle problems.
D)  large offspring syndrome (LOS) .E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 20

In Drosophila,the MADS box-containing gene,Mef2,is expressed in muscle precursor cells.In Mef2 mutants,these cells fail to develop into muscle fibers,and instead undergo apoptosis.Based on this information,and what you know about MADS box-containing genes,Mef2 plays a role in

Accepted Answer

A)  determination of muscle precursors.
B)  differentiation of muscle cells.
C)  the initiation of apoptosis.
D)  morphogenesis.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 19: Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Which of the following best describes the apoptotic pathway in mammalian cells?

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Egg cells were combined with ______ to form the cloned sheep named Dolly.

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The main difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning is that

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A fertilized egg is called a _____________.

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In Drosophila,the MADS box-containing gene,Mef2,is expressed in muscle precursor cells.In Mef2 mutants,these cells fail to develop into muscle fibers,and instead undergo apoptosis.Based on this information,and what you know about MADS box-containing genes,Mef2 plays a role in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,if the vegetal marginal cells lack a functional FGF receptor,the development of which of the following structures would be affected?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________,the initial period of division in a zygote,is not accompanied by any increase in the overall size of the embryo.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells that die of injury usually swell and then burst.Their contents are released into the extracellular fluid.This form of cell death is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fly that expresses the bicoid mutant phenotype

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The low success rate and age-related diseases associated with reproductive cloning is thought to be due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represents the correct order of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Drosophila,the initial cells formed by cleavage contain different determinants.The determinants direct the path of development.What type of development path is used by Drosophila?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a cell transplantation experiment,one must

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If one were to inject bicoid+ cytoplasm into the middle of a Drosophila egg immediately prior to fertilization,the embryo would

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells that are programmed to die,shrivel and shrink in a process called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The elongated structure that links the embryo of a developing plant to its nutrient source is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The finding that homeotic genes are present in both mammals and insects indicates that these genes must

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term neoplasia refers to cell accumulation.Neoplasia can be caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a Drosophila mother is mutant for dorsal,her embryos would

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hollow ball of cells that results from repeated cell divisions is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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If one were to inject bicoid⁺ cytoplasm into the middle of a Drosophila egg immediately prior to fertilization,the embryo would

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