Question 1

Three species of tigers have become extinct due to overharvesting or habitat destruction.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  mass extinction.
B)  background extinction rate.
C)  sympatric speciation.
D)  increased extinction rate by human activity.
E)  allopatric speciation.F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 2

Tortoises colonizing the different Galapagos islands and evolving into different species is an example of ____ speciation.

Accepted Answer

A)  prezygotic
B)  allopatric
C)  postzygotic
D)  sympatric
E)  outgroupF) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 3

The two natural forms of Mimulus studied by scientists looking at the effects of pollinators on speciation were in the same domain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is not a type of prezygotic reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal isolation
B)  gametic isolation
C)  hybrid infertility
D)  ecological isolation
E)  mechanical isolationF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

The impact of a large meteorite with Earth would have most likely caused mass extinctions by

Accepted Answer

A)  causing a great prolonged rise in the earth's temperature and destroying plant life.
B)  creating large clouds of dust that blocked out sunlight only.
C)  causing a great prolonged rise in the earth's temperature only.
D)  creating large clouds of dust that blocked out sunlight and destroying plant life.
E)  destroying only plant lifE.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C) D

Question 6

Scientists have a complete fossil record showing the evolution of horses over millions of years,with the legs becoming longer and the teeth larger,as ancestors of the modern horse adapted from living in forest to grasslands.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  punctuated equilibrium.
B)  extinction.
C)  a postzygotic barrier to evolution.
D)  gradualism.
E)  a prezygotic barrier to evolution.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

The idea that evolution proceeds with long periods of stasis with relatively brief bursts of fast evolutionary change is

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal isolation.
B)  mechanical isolation.
C)  gradualism.
D)  punctuated equilibrium.
E)  hybrid breakdown.F) None of the above
G) C) and D) D

Question 8

A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse and a donkey.From this observation you could conclude

Accepted Answer

A)  that horses and donkeys are the same species.
B)  that horses and donkeys are different species.
C)  that mules are a result of macroevolution.
D)  increasing the number of mules in a population will affect the allele frequency in the next generation.
E)  the DNA sequences of horses and donkeys are more than 97% identical.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 9

A horizontal branch in an evolutionary tree indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  gradualism.
B)  punctuated equilibrium.
C)  extinction.
D)  convergent evolution.
E)  temporal isolation.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 10

The rate of background extinctions per year per million species is

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 to 1.0 species.
B)  0.001 to 0.01 species.
C)  1.0 to 10 species.
D)  10 to 100 species.
E)  No answer is correct.F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 11

Conservation biologists are often concerned that when the population size of an endangered species becomes too small it is at risk of extinction for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can no longer evolve.
B)  Their rate of breeding will decline.
C)  They may be more susceptible to changes in the environment or disease.
D)  They are at risk of sympatric isolation.
E)  They are at risk of developing prezygotic barriers to reproduction.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  the origin of horses and donkeys from a common ancestor
B)  giraffes with longer necks reaching higher tree branches
C)  antibiotic resistance in S.aureus
D)  female cardinals preferring males with bright red feathers
E)  the beaks of cactus finches changing in size in response to a drought on the Galapagos islandsF) A) and D)
G) A) and E) A

Question 13

An example of polyploidy is found in a plant having

Accepted Answer

A)  an abnormal number of two or more individual chromosomes.
B)  only one set of chromosomes.
C)  three or more chromosomes.
D)  an abnormal number of one particular chromosome.
E)  three or more sets of chromosomes.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

Biologists divide mechanisms of reproductive isolation into

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual and geographic.
B)  prezygotic and sexual.
C)  postzygotic and geographiC.
D)  sexual and postzygotic.
E)  prezygotic and postzygotic.F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Centimeter-thin layers of earth that are rich in iridium give evidence to support the

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric theory.
B)  ecological isolation theory.
C)  gradualism theory.
D)  impact theory.
E)  punctuated equilibrium theory.F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 16

The type of reproductive isolation in which offspring are infertile because their chromosomes cannot align correctly during meiosis because of a different number of chromosomes being inherited from the two parents is

Accepted Answer

A)  gametic isolation.
B)  mechanical isolation.
C)  hybrid infertility.
D)  hybrid inviability.
E)  temporal isolation.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 17

It is believed that the two main reasons for mass extinctions in Earth's history have been

Accepted Answer

A)  collision between Earth and a large celestial body and human intervention.
B)  global warming and human intervention.
C)  human intervention and shifting of Earth's continents.
D)  global warming and shifting of Earth's continents.
E)  collision between Earth and a large celestial body and shifting of Earth's continents.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 18

The process by which new species originate

Accepted Answer

A)  is germination.
B)  is extinction.
C)  occurred only once in Earth's history.
D)  is speciation.
E)  occurred for millions of years but is no longer occurring.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Polyploidy is common in

Accepted Answer

A)  plant species.
B)  fungal species.
C)  animal species.
D)  bacterial species.
E)  All answers are correct.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

The process by which species cease to exist

Accepted Answer

A)  has never occurred.
B)  is speciation.
C)  is extinction.
D)  is occurring today at a faster rate than ever before.
E)  All answers are correct.F) None of the above
G) All of the above

Exam 14: Speciation and Extinction

Three species of tigers have become extinct due to overharvesting or habitat destruction.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tortoises colonizing the different Galapagos islands and evolving into different species is an example of ____ speciation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two natural forms of Mimulus studied by scientists looking at the effects of pollinators on speciation were in the same domain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a type of prezygotic reproductive isolation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The impact of a large meteorite with Earth would have most likely caused mass extinctions by

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Scientists have a complete fossil record showing the evolution of horses over millions of years,with the legs becoming longer and the teeth larger,as ancestors of the modern horse adapted from living in forest to grasslands.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The idea that evolution proceeds with long periods of stasis with relatively brief bursts of fast evolutionary change is

Correct AnswerverifiedD

A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse and a donkey.From this observation you could conclude

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A horizontal branch in an evolutionary tree indicates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rate of background extinctions per year per million species is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conservation biologists are often concerned that when the population size of an endangered species becomes too small it is at risk of extinction for which reason?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of macroevolution?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

An example of polyploidy is found in a plant having

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biologists divide mechanisms of reproductive isolation into

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Centimeter-thin layers of earth that are rich in iridium give evidence to support the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of reproductive isolation in which offspring are infertile because their chromosomes cannot align correctly during meiosis because of a different number of chromosomes being inherited from the two parents is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is believed that the two main reasons for mass extinctions in Earth's history have been

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process by which new species originate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Polyploidy is common in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process by which species cease to exist

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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