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Exam 17: Diagnosing Infections

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Question 21

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Which of the following is not an agglutination test?

A) Blood typing
B) Widal test
C) Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test
D) Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
E) Weil-Felix reaction

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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Question 22

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Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody-positive in the screening ELISA test?

A) Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
B) Quellung test
C) Immunelectrophoresis
D) Ouchterlony double diffusion
E) Western blot

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Question 23

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You have a very sore throat with symptoms indicating strep throat.Since you are taking microbiology right now, you decide that you will take a swab from your throat and swab it onto an enrichment medium like a blood agar plate or a brain-heart infusion agar plate.Why is this not a good idea? A.Due to the fact that you cannot easily see the sampling site, there is a high probability that you will not be able to obtain your own specimen without contaminating the sample with your own normal biota. B.You are on a diet now, and you are afraid that the food that you are eating will in some way impact the growth of the bacteria. As a result, you will not get valid results. C.You use a mouthwash a couple of times a day, so you think that the antibacterial properties of the mouthwash will inhibit or kill the oral bacteria and results in invalid results. D.All of these statements are correct.

All of the following are routinely collected for microbial analysis of a specimen except ______.

A direct immunofluorescence test involves a(n)

Microarrays are a powerful diagnostic tool because

The dyes fluorescein and rhodamine

Direct antigen testing differs from direct fluorescence testing in that the results

A positive direct ELISA result requires

The Western blot test is confirmatory for HIV because it

In your microbiology lab, your class is identifying bacteria.You are using dichotomous keys to aid in the identification process using the data from a variety of biochemical tests.What problems do you foresee in this procedure?

A urine specimen obtained from a patient went to the microbiology lab for a bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing.The specimen sat out on the processing counter for a couple of hours before being cultured.Twenty fours hours later, the lab report goes into the computer---over 100,000 bacterial cells per milliliter of urine.Which statement is an accurate assessment of these results?

If you were going to identify microorganisms within a specimen containing large numbers of organisms (seawater, normal microbiota, etc.) , you would have to

Serological tests should have low sensitivity and specificity.

Dr.John Doe, a research microbiologist for a university medical center, has been accused of sending Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, through the mail to the President.You, as a public health official with the CDC, have to determine if it is the same strain as the two strains of A.Gram staining B.Serological testing using agglutination B.anthracis found cultured in his lab.Which method of identification would you use to compare these three bacterial samples? C.Biochemical test identification D.Pulse-field gel electrophoresis

Depending on the organism, direct examination of a specimen is often the most rapid diagnostic tool used in the clinical microbiology lab.You have a sample of pus from a patient's penis.What will be the easiest test to confirm that the patient has gonorrhea?

The tuberculin skin test is read

Which of the following is correct regarding the polymerse chain reaction test?

Technology has introduced a range of specific, rapid tests for identifying and diagnosing infectious disease.While culturing a pathogen from a patient is always advantageous, what disadvantage(s) exist for traditional diagnostic techniques?

A patient's vaginal specimen is sent from the walk-in clinic to the microbiology laboratory.There it is cultured on bacteriological media and then placed into an ambient air incubator set at 22% oxygen and 37 degrees Celsius.The patient is strongly suspected of having gonorrhea.She had sexual contact with a partner recently diagnosed with gonorrhea, and she is now displaying the typical symptoms of a vaginal exudateor fluid.Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a microaerophilic gram-negative coccus-shaped bacterium.Seventy-two hours later, the culture has still not grown Neisseria gonorrhoeae so the lab reports the results back as negative.Interpret this result. A.The inoculating loop was too hot while streaking the specimen onto agar medium, and the bacteria were all killed. B.The clinical personnel took the sample from an incorrect body area. C.The culture was placed into the wrong environment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. D.Neisseria gonorrhoeae cannot be grown in bacteriological media and requires genetic analysis for identification.