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The Timber Culture Act and the Desert Land Act were both designed to limit individual homesteaders in the American West.

A) True
B) False

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William Cody's Wild West shows


A) showed the realities of life on the frontier.
B) proved to be popular in Europe as well as the United States.
C) did not include representations of Indians.
D) ignored the fact that Cody had never actually lived in the West himself.
E) often competed against those of sharpshooter Annie Oakley.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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A homestead unit of 160 acres was too small for grain farming on the Great Plains.

A) True
B) False

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In Owen Wister's novel, The Virginian (1902) , the American cowboy was


A) castigated for his poor relations with Indians, Mexicans, and Chinese.
B) lamented as having lost his innocence and decency.
C) seen as fast disappearing as urbanization spread west.
D) criticized for being too quick to use violence.
E) portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Women in nineteenth-century western mining towns


A) were nearly all single when they first arrived.
B) had few economic opportunities outside of prostitution.
C) often found work doing domestic tasks.
D) generally worked as miners.
E) often greatly outnumbered the men.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Assess the Chinese experience in the West during the second half of the nineteenth century.Despite strong discrimination, why did they stay in the United States and how did they manage to support themselves?

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In what ways did the American West not conform to its popular image?

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The western farmers' first and most burning grievance was directed against __________________.

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The power of the Navaho and Apache tribes in the Southwest was broken by Hispanic settlers before the arrival of the United States Army.

A) True
B) False

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The "Rocky Mountain School" of painting


A) marked a sharp departure from the artistic style of the Hudson River Valley painters.
B) helped inspire a growth of tourism in the West.
C) emphasized the primitive art of Indians and other indigenous peoples.
D) first gained popular acceptance in the early twentieth century.
E) was a significant influence on the abstract art that would soon flourish in Europe.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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White agents who observed the Indian "Ghost Dance" often did not understand it.

A) True
B) False

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In the late nineteenth century, "Range wars" in the West were between


A) white Americans and Indians.
B) white American ranchers and Mexican ranchers.
C) white American ranchers and Chinese ranchers.
D) individual white American ranchers and large American ranching corporations.
E) white American ranchers and farmers.

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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Plains Indians were not particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases brought from the eastern United States.

A) True
B) False

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False

The Dawes Act of 1887


A) was intended to preserve traditional Indian culture.
B) denied United States citizenship to landowning Indian adults.
C) was viewed by the United States government as a plan to save the Indians.
D) ended the United States government's effort to assimilate Indian tribes.
E) reaffirmed tribal ownership of western lands in the face of white claims to it.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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In the 1860s, cattle drives from Texas to Missouri


A) saw the herds suffer heavy losses.
B) proved that cattle could be driven to distant markets.
C) established a link to the booming urban markets of the East.
D) All the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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D

In 1851 the new reservation policy, known as "______________________," replaced the idea that large numbers of tribes could live in one great enclave.

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How did Native Americans respond to federal government policies-and to military actions against them?

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The decimation of American buffalo herds in the late nineteenth century


A) destroyed the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers.
B) was accelerated by Indian tribes who killed large numbers of buffalo to sell to white Americans.
C) happened almost entirely in the space of a single decade.
D) All the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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In the late nineteenth century, the western agricultural economy


A) attracted mostly settlers who had little to no experience with farming.
B) saw the Plains states experience a drought during the 1870s.
C) began a long and steady improvement after 1880.
D) saw the development of massive irrigation projects.
E) saw the railroad become the most important factor in its development.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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E

Frederick Jackson Turner wrote of the significance of the _______________ in American history.

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