Question 1

In the industrialized world,at least _____ of all deaths are linked with behaviors that people choose to do,like smoking,drinking,and not exercising.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 percent
B)  25 percent
C)  50 percent
D)  75 percentE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

The _____ style people use to explain bad events makes illness _____ likely.

Accepted Answer

A)  pessimistic;respond to a placebo effect more
B)  pessimistic;more
C)  pessimistic;less
D)  optimistic;moreE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Compared to nondepressed people,depressed people

Accepted Answer

A)  exaggerate their control of events around them.
B)  have realistic perceptions of the good and bad things that the future holds.
C)  readily accept responsibility for both successes and failures.
D)  describe themselves with a fairly even mix of positive and negative qualities.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Which statement is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moods modify memories.
B)  Depressed moods cause negative thinking.
C)  When we feel happy,we think happy.
D)  Depressed moods don't affect behavior.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  People more often seek treatment if they believe their symptoms have a physical rather than a psychological cause.
B)  Women are more often sick.
C)  Women are more likely than men to visit a physician.
D)  Men use fewer prescription and nonprescription drugs.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Research by Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) supported the notion that social skills training can lead shy men to

Accepted Answer

A)   become dependent on their therapist.
B)   reduce their social anxiety.
C)   concentrate on their social incompetence.
D)   become more shy six months after treatment.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Shy,anxious people tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  overpersonalize situations.
B)  underestimate others' reactions.
C)  not be self-conscious.
D)  put themselves in social situations.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

A common conclusion reached by several studies involving thousands of people is that

Accepted Answer

A)  close relationships predict health.
B)  close relationships promote stress and some forms of illness.
C)  family relationships are unrelated to health.
D)  physical health is not linked to social support.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

John was recently attacked and mugged on a subway.He is less likely to experience long-term stress from the trauma if he

Accepted Answer

A)  forgets about it.
B)  talks about it with a friend.
C)  sees a doctor immediately.
D)  blocks it from his thoughts.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

"Explanatory style" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the complexity of one's persuasive arguments.
B)  one's habitual way of explaining life events.
C)  the pitch and speed with which one communicates.
D)  whether one relies primarily on reason or emotion when debating an issue.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Experiments that subject animals to mild but uncontrollable electric shocks have shown that such experiences

Accepted Answer

A)  directly cause diseases like cancer.
B)  lower the body's resistance to disease.
C)  strengthen the animals' capacity to deal with future stressors.
D)  lead to the animals becoming more aggressive in interacting with members of their own species.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

When Rosenhan and his research associates (1973) reported to mental hospital admissions offices that they were "hearing voices," most were

Accepted Answer

A)  diagnosed with schizophrenia and hospitalized for two to three weeks.
B)  not diagnosed with a mental illness,since they were in fact normal.
C)  diagnosed with schizophrenia initially but never hospitalized.
D)  diagnosed with schizophrenia initially,hospitalized,but then released after testing revealed that they were normal.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Maxwell,a college junior,suffers from chronic depression.After learning that he has performed poorly on his chemistry test,he is most likely to say,

Accepted Answer

A)  "The test was not a fair assessment of what I actually know."
B)  "My chemistry professor does not grade his tests fairly."
C)  "I'm incompetent and probably always will be."
D)  "I am sure most people did poorly on the test."E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an example of one of the components of a pessimistic explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

A)  "This is all my fault."
B)  "I've learned my lesson."
C)  "This is going to ruin everything."
D)  "Things are going to be terrible from now on."E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait,they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-confirming diagnoses.
B)  the illusion of control.
C)  negative attributional styles.
D)  illusory correlations.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

According to Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985) ,which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative experiences
B)  self-blame
C)  depressed mood
D)  defensive pessimismE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The tendency of mildly depressed people to make accurate rather than self-serving judgments is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  the accurate explanatory style.
B)  the Barnum effect.
C)  realistic pessimism.
D)  depressive realism.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Which is NOT true about the process of therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychologists believe that social influence is not a key part of therapy.
B)  Therapists begin with establishing credibility and trust.
C)  A key component in therapy is helping clients think differently.
D)  Change in therapy is best maintained when people attribute their improvement to internal rather than external factors.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A bad marriage is often less depressing to a woman than to a man.
B)  Single women are happier than married women.
C)  Married people report being happier and more satisfied with life.
D)  Marriage and happiness are not linkeD.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or setback illustrates the stable quality of a depressed person's explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

A)  "It's all my fault."
B)  "It's going to last forever."
C)  "The whole world is against me."
D)  "It's going to affect everything I do."E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 14: Social Psychology in the Clinic

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait,they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John was recently attacked and mugged on a subway.He is less likely to experience long-term stress from the trauma if he

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ style people use to explain bad events makes illness _____ likely.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Rosenhan and his research associates (1973) reported to mental hospital admissions offices that they were "hearing voices," most were

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT true about the process of therapy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985) ,which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shy,anxious people tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experiments that subject animals to mild but uncontrollable electric shocks have shown that such experiences

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research by Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) supported the notion that social skills training can lead shy men to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Explanatory style" refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the industrialized world,at least _____ of all deaths are linked with behaviors that people choose to do,like smoking,drinking,and not exercising.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to nondepressed people,depressed people

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an example of one of the components of a pessimistic explanatory style?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maxwell,a college junior,suffers from chronic depression.After learning that he has performed poorly on his chemistry test,he is most likely to say,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or setback illustrates the stable quality of a depressed person's explanatory style?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A common conclusion reached by several studies involving thousands of people is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency of mildly depressed people to make accurate rather than self-serving judgments is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The _ style people use to explain bad events makes illness _ likely.

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