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Research has found that when prisoners are given some control over their environments,such as being able to move chairs and operate the lights,they tend to


A) attempt to control other aspects of their lives,such as how often they go outside.
B) experience more stress.
C) exhibit more health problems.
D) commit less vandalism.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called


A) depression.
B) low self-esteem.
C) learned hopelessness.
D) learned helplessness.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Self-monitoring is


A) protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure.
B) disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance.
C) attempting to present a favorable image to an external audience.
D) adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The state of a "dual attitude system" exists when we have differing _______ and _______ attitudes.


A) conscious;unconscious
B) internal;external
C) explicit;implicit
D) positive;negative

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Kevin is hanging out with some friends at the mall when he bumps into his ex-girlfriend and her new boyfriend.He is devastated.He feels like his heart has been torn open,and he is on the verge of tears.Although he has only said "hi" to her,he believes that his friends,his ex-girlfriend,and her new boyfriend can all see his heartache.This phenomenon is known as


A) the spotlight effect.
B) the illusion of transparency.
C) the self-reference effect.
D) a personal fable.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Andrew believes that he did well on his Social Psychology test because he studied a lot and is a good student.Andrew's belief demonstrates


A) an external locus of control.
B) an internal locus of control.
C) low self-monitoring.
D) high self-monitoring.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework.She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful.You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy.


A) strong
B) weak
C) average
D) variable (depending on if it is related to school or not)

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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When we compare ourselves with others,most of us tend to


A) view others as superior.
B) view everyone as relatively average.
C) ignore our strengths and focus on their strengths.
D) see ourselves as better than the average person.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with


A) failure and distance ourselves from success.
B) success and distance ourselves from failure.
C) rewards and distance ourselves from punishment.
D) punishment and distance ourselves from rewards.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others is referred to as the illusion of


A) transparency.
B) an audience.
C) the spotlight.
D) the headlight.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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