Question 1

The pancreas does NOT secrete ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   chymotrypsin
B)   bicarbonate
C)   bile
D)   lipase
E)   amylaseF)  glucagonG) B) and F)
H) A) and B)

Question 2

The villi of the small intestine are invaginations of the _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   mucosa only
B)   submucosa and mucosa
C)   mucosa, submucosa and serosa
D)   serosa only
E)   muscularis onlyF)  serosa, muscularis, submucosa and mucosaG) A) and E)
H) B) and C)

Question 3

The brachial artery is the major artery in your upper arm. The figure below shows the blood pressure in the brachial artery of an average young adult, as it oscillates between the systolic pressure (120 mm Hg)  and the diastolic pressure (75 mm Hg) .
 Superimposed on the right side of the graph is a tracing of the pressure in the left ventricle, which drops to close to zero mm Hg during diastole. What prevents the blood pressure in the brachial artery from similarly dropping to almost zero during diastole?

Accepted Answer

A)   Forceful closing of valves in the subclavian and brachial arteries propels the blood forward during diastole.
B)   Recoil of elastic fibers in the aorta propels the blood forward during diastole.
C)   Forceful closing of the aortic semilunar valve propels the blood forward during diastole.
D)   Rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle tissue in the subclavian and brachial arteries propels the blood forward during diastole.
E)   Inhaling and exhaling propels the blood forward during diastole.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

When diet and exercise has failed to produce any significant weight loss, some patients who are seriously overweight elect to have stomach surgery. A procedure galled gastric sleeve surgery removes more than half of the stomach, leaving a tube (or sleeve)  about the size of a banana. Following gastric sleeve surgery, patients would have the least trouble ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   eating carbohydrate-rich foods
B)   eating protein-rich foods
C)   eating large chunks of food of relatively hard consistency
D)   eating large amounts of food at one timeE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

+ and glucose in the overall process of glucose absorption? A)  1 (purple)  B)  2 (yellow)  C)  3 (blue)  D)  4 (green)  E)  none of the above" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > The above diagram shows four different types of transport proteins in the membranes of epithelial cells that line the small intestine. What protein most likely carries out coupled transport of both Na+ and glucose in the overall process of glucose absorption?

Accepted Answer

A)   1 (purple) 
B)   2 (yellow) 
C)   3 (blue) 
D)   4 (green) 
E)   none of the aboveF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

In the blood clotting cascade mechanism, what is the first event that occurs following injury to a blood vessel?

Accepted Answer

A)   conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
B)   fragmentation of a megakaryocyte to form platelets
C)   aggregation of fibrin threads
D)   secretion of fibrinogen into the blood
E)   secretion of prothrombin into the bloodF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 7

Every winter, many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO)  during the night. How does CO poisoning lead to death?

Accepted Answer

A)   CO inhibits the chemosensitive neurons in the aortic and carotid bodies.
B)   CO coats the surfaces of the alveoli, preventing diffusion of oxygen into the blood.
C)   CO binds more tightly to carbonic anhydrase than does carbon dioxide.
D)   CO binds more tightly to hemoglobin than does oxygen.
E)   CO binds to oxygen, and the CO-oxygen complex cannot bind to hemoglobin.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 8

In the above graph, if Bracket A represents the tidal volume and Bracket B represents the vital capacity, respectively, of a young man, what does Bracket C represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   anatomical dead space
B)   air that is not used for gas exchange
C)   air that helps keep the alveoli inflated (open)  after forced exhalation
D)   air from a previous breath that does not mix with newly-inhaled air of the next breath
E)   air with a concentration of oxygen higher than that of air outside the bodyF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

Jim is suffering from congestive heart failure, in which blood flow is backed up in his lungs and excess fluid is escaping the blood and accumulating in his lung tissue. If untreated, increasing pulmonary edema will lead to death by suffocation. What is the most-likely cause of Jim's congestive heart failure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jim's right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)  is not closing properly.
B)   Contraction of his left ventricle is not keeping up with contraction of his right ventricle.
C)   Jim's pulmonary semilunar valve is not opening properly.
D)   Jim's SA node is malfunctioning.
E)   Contraction of his right atrium is not keeping up with contraction of his left atrium.F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 10

If each human lung contains about 300 million alveoli with a summed total surface area for gas exchange of 40 square meters, what is the approximate surface area of a single alveolus?

Accepted Answer

A)   133 square millimeters
B)   7.5 square micrometers
C)   750 square micrometers
D)   1.33 square micrometers
E)   7.5 square millimetersF)  0.133 square millimetersG) B) and D)
H) A) and B)

Question 11

The cardiac output is the volume of blood that is pumped out of the ventricles of the heart in the time interval of one minute. What factor most limits a person's maximal increase in cardiac output during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)   the rate at which oxygen is delivered to the cardiac muscle cells
B)   the time available to fill the heart chambers with blood as the heart rate increases
C)   the time it takes for electrical impulses to reach all parts of the heart
D)   the total amount of blood in an individual
E)   the rate at which cardiac muscle contractsF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Susie just squished a cockroach and its pale yellow hemolymph squirted out on the floor. If Susie analyzed the hemolymph, she would expect to find all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   cells that protect against foreign microbes.
B)   ions.
C)   water.
D)   amino acids.
E)   sugars.F)  hemoglobin.G) B) and D)
H) C) and D)

Question 13

What is the likely outcome if you were able to force water through fish gills in the opposite direction to how it normally flows over the gills?

Accepted Answer

A)   There would be no effect, and maximal oxygenation of blood would still occur.
B)   The movement of carbon dioxide from the blood into the water would increase.
C)   The direction of blood flow would reverse through the gills to compensate for the reversed direction of water flow.
D)   Gas exchange would be inhibited and movement of oxygen into the blood would cease.
E)   The blood's oxygen concentration would not be able to exceed 50%.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Four-year old Sammy is having a temper-tantrum. In a final attempt to get his way, he yells to his mom, "I'm gonna hold my breath 'til I die!" What is the primary reason that Sammy's mom is unconcerned by this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)   As Sammy holds his breath, the increasing levels of carbon dioxide in his blood will lead to stimulation of the respiratory control center in his brain.
B)   As Sammy holds his breath, the decreasing levels of oxygen in his blood will lead to stimulation of the respiratory control center in his brain.
C)   Sammy is too young to hold his breath for more than 30 seconds.
D)   It is impossible for Sammy to control the contraction of his diaphragm and intercostal muscles since they are made up of smooth muscle.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

A major genetic cause of lung damage due to destruction of the alveolar walls is deficiency of the protein alpha-1 anti-trypsin (AAT) . AAT is an enzyme that inhibits the activity of another protein. What protein is most likely the normally-inhibited target of AAT?

Accepted Answer

A)   collagen
B)   carbonic anhydrase
C)   elastin-specific protease
D)   alpha and beta globulins
E)   hemoglobinF)  albuminG) A) and D)
H) E) and F)

Question 16

The benefit provided by all hearts with two atria is

Accepted Answer

A)   that blood is pumped into body tissues at high pressure.
B)   complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
C)   there is an extra place to store blood when the animal is at rest.
D)   that there are two muscular regions for pumping blood out of the heart to different organs.
E)   not all the blood has to pass through both sides of the heart.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 17

The external gills of an adult axolotl are not as efficient as fish gills because___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   axolotls are slow swimmers and all fish swim fast to ventilate their gills
B)   blood flows though the axolotl gills more slowly than through fish gills
C)   axolotl gills are not highly branched
D)   water flows over the axolotl gills at many different angles
E)   axolotl gills are covered by thick layers of cellsF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Under what circumstance would your body experience an increase in erythropoietin secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)   after drinking 5 liters of water in just 2 hours
B)   if you are suffering from dehydration
C)   if you are suffering from hypertension
D)   if you just moved from New York City to start training for a marathon in the 'Mile-High' city of Denver, Colorado
E)   if your hematocrit is elevated above normal levelsF) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 19

The left ventricle in mammals is more muscular than the right ventricle because

Accepted Answer

A)   the left ventricle is always contracting to maintain a systemic blood pressure.
B)   the left ventricle has to pump blood throughout the body at high pressure.
C)   the right ventricle only pumps blood into the right atrium.
D)   the left ventricle pumps blood with a higher hematocrit than the blood that leaves the right ventricle.
E)   the left ventricle pumps more total blood than the right ventricle.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 20

Blood returning to the left atrium of a frog heart has just come from ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the lungs or the brain
B)   the brain or the skin
C)   the lungs only
D)   the lungs or the skin
E)   the skin onlyF)  the brain onlyG) A) and F)
H) B) and F)

Exam 29: Fueling the Bodys Metabolism

The external gills of an adult axolotl are not as efficient as fish gills because___________.

Correct Answer
verified

Four-year old Sammy is having a temper-tantrum. In a final attempt to get his way, he yells to his mom, "I'm gonna hold my breath 'til I die!" What is the primary reason that Sammy's mom is unconcerned by this statement?

Correct Answer
verified

Under what circumstance would your body experience an increase in erythropoietin secretion?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The benefit provided by all hearts with two atria is

Correct Answer
verified

The left ventricle in mammals is more muscular than the right ventricle because

Correct Answer
verified

If each human lung contains about 300 million alveoli with a summed total surface area for gas exchange of 40 square meters, what is the approximate surface area of a single alveolus?

Correct Answer
verified

The pancreas does NOT secrete ______.

Correct Answer
verified

A major genetic cause of lung damage due to destruction of the alveolar walls is deficiency of the protein alpha-1 anti-trypsin (AAT) . AAT is an enzyme that inhibits the activity of another protein. What protein is most likely the normally-inhibited target of AAT?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the likely outcome if you were able to force water through fish gills in the opposite direction to how it normally flows over the gills?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Every winter, many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO) during the night. How does CO poisoning lead to death?

Correct Answer
verified

In the blood clotting cascade mechanism, what is the first event that occurs following injury to a blood vessel?

Correct Answer
verified

Susie just squished a cockroach and its pale yellow hemolymph squirted out on the floor. If Susie analyzed the hemolymph, she would expect to find all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

The villi of the small intestine are invaginations of the _____________.

Correct Answer
verified

The cardiac output is the volume of blood that is pumped out of the ventricles of the heart in the time interval of one minute. What factor most limits a person's maximal increase in cardiac output during exercise?

Correct Answer
verified

In the above graph, if Bracket A represents the tidal volume and Bracket B represents the vital capacity, respectively, of a young man, what does Bracket C represent?

Correct Answer
verified

Blood returning to the left atrium of a frog heart has just come from ________________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The above diagram shows four different types of transport proteins in the membranes of epithelial cells that line the small intestine. What protein most likely carries out coupled transport of both Na⁺ and glucose in the overall process of glucose absorption?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 29: Fueling the Bodys Metabolism

The external gills of an adult axolotl are not as efficient as fish gills because___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Four-year old Sammy is having a temper-tantrum. In a final attempt to get his way, he yells to his mom, "I'm gonna hold my breath 'til I die!" What is the primary reason that Sammy's mom is unconcerned by this statement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under what circumstance would your body experience an increase in erythropoietin secretion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The benefit provided by all hearts with two atria is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The left ventricle in mammals is more muscular than the right ventricle because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If each human lung contains about 300 million alveoli with a summed total surface area for gas exchange of 40 square meters, what is the approximate surface area of a single alveolus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pancreas does NOT secrete ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major genetic cause of lung damage due to destruction of the alveolar walls is deficiency of the protein alpha-1 anti-trypsin (AAT) . AAT is an enzyme that inhibits the activity of another protein. What protein is most likely the normally-inhibited target of AAT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the likely outcome if you were able to force water through fish gills in the opposite direction to how it normally flows over the gills?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Every winter, many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO) during the night. How does CO poisoning lead to death?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the blood clotting cascade mechanism, what is the first event that occurs following injury to a blood vessel?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Susie just squished a cockroach and its pale yellow hemolymph squirted out on the floor. If Susie analyzed the hemolymph, she would expect to find all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The villi of the small intestine are invaginations of the _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cardiac output is the volume of blood that is pumped out of the ventricles of the heart in the time interval of one minute. What factor most limits a person's maximal increase in cardiac output during exercise?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the above graph, if Bracket A represents the tidal volume and Bracket B represents the vital capacity, respectively, of a young man, what does Bracket C represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood returning to the left atrium of a frog heart has just come from ________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The above diagram shows four different types of transport proteins in the membranes of epithelial cells that line the small intestine. What protein most likely carries out coupled transport of both Na+ and glucose in the overall process of glucose absorption?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The above diagram shows four different types of transport proteins in the membranes of epithelial cells that line the small intestine. What protein most likely carries out coupled transport of both Na⁺ and glucose in the overall process of glucose absorption?

Correct Answer
verified