A) a new allele arises by mutation that increases fitness.
B) the environment changes.
C) the population is large.
D) a new allele arises by mutation that increases fitness and the environmental changes increase the allele frequency.
E) a new allele arises by mutation that increases fitness, the environment changes and the population is large are correct.
G) A) and B)
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B) False
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A) 0.
B) 0.1.
C) 1.
D) 10.
E) 2.
G) C) and E)
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A) Evolutionary mechanisms are affecting the population.
B) Evolution is occurring.
C) No new mutations are occurring, only nonrandom mating.
D) No migration is occurring.
E) Evolutionary mechanisms are affecting the population and evolution is occurring.
G) B) and C)
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E
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A) A small population of geese migrates and joins a large nesting flock of the same species. This is a . bottleneck event because the small population do not bring in any new alleles to the large flock.
B) A mutation occurs in an individual poison ivy plant, doubling the number of seeds it produces. This . is a bottleneck event because even though the mutation is passed down to the next generations, it does not change the frequency of any other alleles in the population.
C) A hurricane blows through a coastal swamp, killing 98% of the snails in a population. This is only a. bottleneck event if there is a change in the number of alleles in the population. The 2% of the snails remaining still have the same allele frequencies as the total population.
D) A large population of broomsedge grass in a field is determined to be in Hardy-Weinberg . equilibrium. This is a population bottleneck event because there is no random mating going on which increases the likelyhood that there will be a decrease in the number of alleles in the population.
E) A small population of ducks with red beaks join a large population of ducks that have no red beaks.. After 5 generations the number of ducks with red beaks is reaching 50% in the population. This is a bottleneck event because there is a decrease in the number of ducks without red beaks.
G) A) and D)
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A) Genetic Drift.
B) Natural selection also fosters these changes.
C) Non-Darwinian evolution.
D) Neutral variation.
E) Gene flow from one population to another.
G) B) and C)
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A) frequencies of alleles in a population.
B) the number of individuals of different phenotypes in a population.
C) the number of individuals of different genotypes in a population.
D) the frequencies of individuals of different genotypes in a population.
E) the square of individuals of different genotypes in a population.
G) C) and D)
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A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
G) B) and E)
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A) Gene flow promotes genetic diversity by introducing new alleles into populations.
B) Gene flow tends to make the allele frequencies in neighboring populations more similar to each other.
C) Gene flow promotes genetic diversity by introducing new alleles into populations and gene flow . tends to make the allele frequencies in neighboring populations more similar to each other.
D) Gene flow promotes genetic similarities by removing alleles from a population.
F) None of the above
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A) females tend to select traits that are well developed to judge fitness of a male.
B) females judge by feather color and voice of the male.
C) a long song allows the female to study the male for any physical defects before mating.
D) immature males have a long varied song where older, less fit males will have a short song.
E) females only judge fitness by physical appearance, not song repertoire.
G) A) and C)
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A) the female genital tract selects for sperm that tend to be unrelated to the female.
B) the egg itself has mechanisms to prevent fertilization by genetically related sperm.
C) pollen from unrelated plants is not able to fertilize an egg.
D) the female genital tract and/or the egg itself prevents fertilization by genetically related sperm.
E) the female chooses which male can mate with her based on cryptic coloration.
G) A) and D)
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A) directional selection; that has resulted in genetic uniformity in the species.
B) a bottleneck effect; decreases the number alleles in the population.
C) stabilizing selection; that reduced genetic diversity within the species.
D) adaptive variation; resulting in reduced genetic diversity in females because the GGC coded for . bright feather color instead of the mottled brown feather color coded for by GGG.
E) neutral variation; the change in genetic code does not cause a change in phenotype therefore there is . no change in reproductive success. This mutation then does not affect the population.
G) B) and E)
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A) first, introduction of new genetic variation into a population and second, mutations.
B) first, altering the prevalence of a given allele or genotype in a population and second mutations.
C) first, introduction of new genetic variation into a population and altering the prevalence of a given. allele or genotype in a population.
D) first, splitting up a population and second migration.
E) first, nonrandom mating and second no natural selection.
G) C) and D)
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C
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A) The A, B, O blood types found in humans.
B) The loss of hair in elderly animals that are malnourished.
C) The pink or white flowers of the four o'clock flower, both pink and white individuals are prevalent.
D) Both the A,B,O blood types in humans and the pink and white flowers of the four o'clocks.
E) Both the A,B,O blood types in humans and the loss of hair in elderly animals that are malnourished.
G) B) and C)
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A) Intrasexual selection, where one sex directly competes with each other for the opportunity to mate with the opposite sex.
B) Intersexual selection, where females select mate on the bases of their physical attributes.
C) intersexual selection, cryptic female choice.
D) Intrasexual selection where one sex directly competes with each other for mates and intersexual
E) Predatory sexual selection, where females only choose mates that can avoid predators.
G) B) and D)
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A) 
directional selection.
B) 
disruptive (diversifying) selection.
C) 
stabilizing selection.
D) 
balancing selection.
F) B) and C)
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B
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B) False
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A) Population 1; it shows an extinction of the ballele resulting in all brown mice.
B) Population 3; it shows an extinction of the ballele resulting in all white mice.
C) Population 2; it shows an increase in the frequency of the b allele after 50 generations.
D) Population 1; it shows a fixation of the ballele resulting in all brown mice and Population 3 shows . an extinction of the b allele resulting in all white mice.
E) Population 1, 2, and 3 all show drastic changes in ballele frequency after 50 generations, with the . complete elimination of the b allele in all three populations.
G) B) and D)
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A) become less prevalent due to natural selection against them.
B) become more prevalent.
C) stay at the same frequency in the population.
D) become less prevalent due to their having less stamina.
E) become less prevalent due to natural selection against them and become less prevalent due to their having less stamina are correct.
G) A) and B)
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A) Stabilizing selection.
B) negative frequency-dependent selection.
C) Intersexual selection.
D) Intrasexual selection.
E) Intersexual and intrasexual selection are both occurring.
G) A) and D)
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