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Exam 13: Parasitism

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Question 41

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You are studying a population of a newly-discovered species. You suspect that one of the species you find growing on a tree is acting as a hemiparasite. If this species is indeed a hemiparasite, what types of structures would you expect to see? What kinds of data would you collect and what types of experiments would you conduct to test this hypothesis?

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A parasite obtains water and/or nutrient...

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Question 42

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The Anopheles mosquito, which causes malaria, requires warm temperatures to complete the life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. Which of the following statements is true?

A) If temperatures increase due to climate change, it is hypothesized that the incidences of malaria in humans and wildlife will increase.
B) If temperatures decrease due to climate change, it is hypothesized that the incidences of malaria in humans and wildlife will increase.
C) If temperatures increase due to climate change, it is hypothesized that the incidences of malaria in humans and wildlife will decrease.
D) If temperatures decrease due to climate change, it is hypothesized that the incidences of malaria will shift toward the poles.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 43

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Suppose you are studying disease transmission in two different populations. In both populations, an individual must be within 1 m of an infected individual in order for transmission to occur. How would you expect the spatial patterns of disease transmission to differ in a plant population versus an animal population? How would the spatial patterns of disease transmission affect options for controlling the spread of the disease in a population? Based on this transmission pattern, would it be easier to control the spread of the disease in a population of trees or in a population of mice? Explain your answers.

Which statement about mistletoe is false?

Refer to the figure. Suppose a turtle population is started from four individuals that disperse to a novel area. The figure shows the locations of each turtle in the native and novel areas and the type of parasites it carries. Each cell on the grid measures 1 m * 1 m. For this example, assume that each individual turtle can carry only one species of parasite at a time, and each individual carries a population of 100 individual parasites. The dashed circle and arrow indicate four individuals that moved to the novel area.Answer the following questions: a) What effect did the founding of this novel turtle population have on the turtle's parasites? How did the total number of parasite species change during the move from the native to the novel area? b) How would you expect turtle survival and growth rates in the novel area to be different from those in the native area if the presence of parasites has a negative effect on survival and growth rate?

Which statement about endoparasites is true?

Refer to the figure. Which of the following statements is true?

According to the basic host-pathogen model of disease, if susceptible and infected individuals are the only types of individuals in a population, then disease transmission is greatest when susceptible individuals are _______ percent of the population. [Hint: If the density remains the same, when is SI maximized?]

Suppose that a time machine allows you to go back in time (and to travel to Australia!) , and you collect rabbits and myxoma from the years 1955 and 1980. Once you are back in the twenty-first century, you infect both sets of rabbits with both sets of myxoma viruses. The most likely result will be that (1) the rabbits from 1955 injected with the 1955 virus will have a _______ survival rate than those same rabbits injected with the 1980 virus; and that (2) the rabbits from 1955 injected with the 1980 virus will have a _______ survival rate than rabbits from 1980 injected with the 1980 virus.

Which statement about enslaver parasites is false?

Refer to the figure. Figure 1 The figure shows data collected on a species of fish that lives on a coral reef. The fish were captured and studied three times-in 2000, 2005, and 2010. Four genotypes were found in an area of the coral reef (shown as A, B, C, and D). The figure shows: (1) the number of individuals of each genotype captured during each year, and (2) the percent of individuals infected with parasites captured during each year. -Answer the following questions: a) Graph the relationship between the numbers of individuals of different genotypes and the percent of infected individuals (this will be referred to as Figure 4). Refer to data on population size and percent of individuals infected by genotype. For simplicity, graph all of the data from all of the years on the same plot as points on a scatter graph. Sketch a line that fits the relationship between population size and percent infected. b) What does this data tell you about the likely relationship between genotype, numbers of individuals, and the percent infected individuals?

Which of the following is an advantage that endoparasites have over ectoparasites?