Question 1

Which of the following results in a spontaneous mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  free radicals produced by cellular metabolism
B)  exposure to ultraviolet light
C)  exposure to benzo (a) -pyrene,a chemical substance found in cigarette smoke
D)  exposure to ultraviolet light and benzo (a) -pyrene
E)  exposure to X-raysF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 2

Which of the following CANNOT be repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  ultraviolet-induced damage
B)  chemically modified bases
C)  missing bases
D)  mismatched bases
E)  thymine dimersF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 3

Study the figure below of two non-homologous chromosomes.Several loci have been identified on these chromosomes.Next,study the changes that have taken place,resulting in the mutated chromosomes,and determine which mutated chromosomes are the most likely to lead to cancer?
Normal Chromosomes 
Mutated Chromosomes

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  A,B,C,and D are all mutations,so they will all lead to cancerF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

Myc genes tend to be overexpressed in only a few forms of cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is true concerning a somatic cell mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A small fraction of the gametes carry the mutation.
B)  Half of the gametes carry the mutation.
C)  All of the gametes carry the mutation.
D)  Only a small group of cells within the organism is affected by the mutation.
E)  All cells within the organism are affected by the mutation.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above D

Question 6

Which of the following is an overgrowth of cells that serves no useful purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)  tumor
B)  oncogene
C)  proto-oncogene
D)  apoptosis
E)  carcinogenF) All of the above
G) A) and D) A

Question 7

Study the mutations below and determine which is the most likely to lead to cancer.

Accepted Answer

A)  A mutation that increases the affinity of Rb for E2F
B)  A mutation that prevents the phosphorylation of Rb
C)  A mutation that prevents E2F from associating with DNA
D)  A mutation that caused the cyclin-dependent kinase that interacts with Rb to be overactive
E)  All of these are mutations that would lead to cancerF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following events must occur to cause a chromosomal translocation?

Accepted Answer

A)  One chromosome must break in two distinct locations.
B)  Two different chromosomes must break.
C)  A transposon must be present in one of the chromosomes.
D)  The broken ends must pair correctly.
E)  A mutation in the DNA must occur.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Should a genetic abnormality arise,________ prevent a cell from progressing uncontrollably through the cell cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutagens
B)  checkpoint proteins
C)  UvrA-D proteins
D)  growth factors
E)  Ras proteinsF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

Beta-thalassemia is a disease that results from the reduction or absence of a functional  β\betaβ -globin gene.It results in patients that exhibit moderate to severe anemia,poor growth,and possibly skeletal abnormalities.Depending on how severe a patient presents,they may need regular to periodic blood transfusions throughout their life.It is known that there are various mechanisms of mutation that result in beta-thalassemia.You are studying a group of individuals with beta-thalassemia in order to better understand the disease.Upon sequencing the  β\betaβ -globin gene,you notice that only about half of the patients in your study have deletions in their  β\betaβ -globin gene.The other half has no abnormalities in the sequence of this gene.From other tests,you know that these patients do in fact have beta-thalassemia,as they are deficient in  β\betaβ -globin protein and other members of their families also suffer from similar conditions.What is the most likely explanation for the presence of this genetic disease in these people?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a mutation in the promoter of the  β\betaβ -globin gene preventing adequate expression of the protein.
B)  There was an inversion with a splice point within the  β\betaβ -globin gene.
C)  There is a microorganism,such as a virus,that is causing these symptoms.
D)  The patients actually have bone marrow cancer that is causing these symptoms.
E)  The patients actually have sickle-cell anemia. F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Which protein directs apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth factor
B)  oncogene
C)  chimeric gene
D)  caspase
E)  transposaseF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a typical cellular change that occurs during lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular hyperplasia
B)  loss of ciliated cells
C)  cellular displasia
D)  elevated gas transport
E)  increases in basal cell number and thickening of epitheliumF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

Patients who suffer from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)have a defective mismatch repair system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following statements about cancer is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
B)  Over 1 million Americans are diagnosed with cancer each year.
C)  Most cancers involve genetic changes that are passed from parent to offspring.
D)  At least 80% of all human cancers are related to exposure to carcinogens.
E)  It is caused by an accumulation of mutations.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Mutations can produce a polypeptide with increased function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What type of gene mutation occurred to produce the following protein sequence?
Normal: JAYBIRDCATPAW
Mutated: JAYBIRDBATPAW

Accepted Answer

A)  nonsense
B)  missense
C)  silent
D)  sense
E)  frameshiftF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

If the copy number of a proto-oncogene is increased by gene duplication then the proto-oncogene has undergone

Accepted Answer

A)  a missense mutation.
B)  gene amplification.
C)  a chromosomal translocation.
D)  retroviral insertion.
E)  a nonsense mutation.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to occur when a tumor-suppressor gene is mutated,resulting in cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  The resulting tumor-suppressor protein will be overexpressed.
B)  The resulting tumor-suppressor protein would further suppress cell proliferation.
C)  The resulting tumor-suppressor protein would activate an oncogene.
D)  The resulting tumor-suppressor protein would lose its ability to suppress cell proliferation.
E)  None of the choices are possiblE.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C) D

Question 19

Larger genes are usually more likely to incur a mutation than smaller genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

You are a brilliant graduate student and you are skeptical of the results found by the Lederbergs.You decide to repeat their experiment,but you do not have ready access to T1 bacteriophage.What might you use instead?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV virus
B)  HPV virus
C)  X-gal - the substrate of the enzyme  β\betaβ -galactosidase
D)  Ampicillin - an antibiotic
E)  Salmonella bacteria F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Exam 12: Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

Which of the following results in a spontaneous mutation?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following CANNOT be repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Myc genes tend to be overexpressed in only a few forms of cancer.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is true concerning a somatic cell mutation?

Correct Answer
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D

Which of the following is an overgrowth of cells that serves no useful purpose?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Study the mutations below and determine which is the most likely to lead to cancer.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following events must occur to cause a chromosomal translocation?

Correct Answer
verified

Should a genetic abnormality arise,________ prevent a cell from progressing uncontrollably through the cell cycle.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Which protein directs apoptosis?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is NOT a typical cellular change that occurs during lung cancer?

Correct Answer
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Patients who suffer from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)have a defective mismatch repair system.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about cancer is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

Mutations can produce a polypeptide with increased function.

Correct Answer
verified

What type of gene mutation occurred to produce the following protein sequence? Normal: JAYBIRDCATPAW Mutated: JAYBIRDBATPAW

Correct Answer
verified

If the copy number of a proto-oncogene is increased by gene duplication then the proto-oncogene has undergone

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is most likely to occur when a tumor-suppressor gene is mutated,resulting in cancer?

Correct Answer
verified
D

Larger genes are usually more likely to incur a mutation than smaller genes.

Correct Answer
verified

You are a brilliant graduate student and you are skeptical of the results found by the Lederbergs.You decide to repeat their experiment,but you do not have ready access to T1 bacteriophage.What might you use instead?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

Which of the following results in a spontaneous mutation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following CANNOT be repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Myc genes tend to be overexpressed in only a few forms of cancer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true concerning a somatic cell mutation?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following is an overgrowth of cells that serves no useful purpose?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Study the mutations below and determine which is the most likely to lead to cancer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following events must occur to cause a chromosomal translocation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Should a genetic abnormality arise,________ prevent a cell from progressing uncontrollably through the cell cycle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which protein directs apoptosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a typical cellular change that occurs during lung cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patients who suffer from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)have a defective mismatch repair system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about cancer is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mutations can produce a polypeptide with increased function.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of gene mutation occurred to produce the following protein sequence? Normal: JAYBIRDCATPAW Mutated: JAYBIRDBATPAW

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the copy number of a proto-oncogene is increased by gene duplication then the proto-oncogene has undergone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most likely to occur when a tumor-suppressor gene is mutated,resulting in cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Larger genes are usually more likely to incur a mutation than smaller genes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are a brilliant graduate student and you are skeptical of the results found by the Lederbergs.You decide to repeat their experiment,but you do not have ready access to T1 bacteriophage.What might you use instead?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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D

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A

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D

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