A) It has become more centralized and more personalized.
B) It has become more dependent upon the support of other state institutions.
C) It has increasingly become more dependent upon the support of the military.
D) It has become increasingly decentralized with different ministers becoming more important than others.
E) Initially the center of the political system, it has increasingly become marginalized with the rise of other political institutions.
G) B) and D)
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A) Christians argue that past governments have been tilted towards Muslims located in the north in terms of the distribution of economic resources, while Muslims fear that more current governments have tilted the balance towards the more Christian south.
B) Because the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba dominate Nigerian politics, these groups generally receive greater benefits from government economic activity than to minority ethnic groups.
C) Under British colonialism, investments were made in the infrastructure in the south thus resulting in a situation that resulted in better economic advancement in that area after independence.
D) Economic decline has contributed to the rise of Muslim, but not Christian fundamentalism.
E) Minority groups living in the oil-producing regions have undertaken actions, both peaceful and violent, in an effort to gain a greater share of oil revenues.
G) B) and C)
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A) improving the average GDP of Nigeria.
B) paying off much of the country's massive foreign debt.
C) implementing a government-funded universal primary education system.
D) privatizing the oil industry.
E) curbing the country's rampant corruption.
G) B) and E)
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A) brought about the rapid privatization of publicly owned firms to both domestic and foreign investors.
B) helped to alleviate poverty in the country significantly.
C) was necessary due to a number of economic problems including waning oil revenue, a growing debt burden, and balance of payments difficulties.
D) was enacted by a military regime prior to turning power over to civilians.
E) permitted the government to channel greater expenditures on social welfare programs.
G) All of the above
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A) six months
B) one year
C) six years
D) eighteen months
E) four years
G) A) and E)
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A) A strong sense of nationalism developed in response to outside interference
B) A lack of a sense of national identity, instead remaining loyal to their ethnic, regional, and religious groups
C) A weak sense of nationality leading to strong support for regional integration
D) A strong sense a unified concept of Nigerian citizenship
E) A weak sense of national unity leading to support for separatist movements
G) None of the above
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A) It is mainly based upon top-down directives.
B) It is mainly based upon extensive consultation with relevant civic society actors.
C) It is mainly based upon compromises hashed out among political elites.
D) It occurs within a well-defined constitutional framework.
E) It is mainly defined by tight "policy circles" that encompass both government and nongovernment actors.
G) A) and E)
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A) colonialism hinders even resource-rich countries from developing.
B) political and institutional development and stability and sound economic policy are necessary for growth.
C) exploitation by multinational corporations can impoverish even resource-rich countries.
D) resources alone provide a poor basis for economic development.
E) global financial institutions work to the disadvantage of poor nations.
G) A) and D)
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The parties of the First and Second Repu...View Answer
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A) It has borne a disproportionate share of the costs associated with the Economic Community of West African States.
B) It has been a major provider of peacekeeping forces throughout Africa.
C) It played a leading role in transforming the Organization for African Unity into the African Union.
D) It adopted a nonaligned stance during the Cold War insisting that this conflict had little to do with African politics.
E) Its leaders have helped to mediate crises in the region.
G) B) and E)
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A) G20.
B) United Nations.
C) the Economic Community of West African States.
D) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
E) African Union.
G) A) and D)
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A) promising to return the country to civilian rule and then regularly delaying it.
B) instituting themselves as "presidents-for-life."
C) setting up "transitional governments" that were meant to fail.
D) manipulating ethnic groups.
E) changing the country's constitution.
G) B) and C)
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A) It has been chiefly active in the Niger Delta.
B) In response to its activities, President Goodluck Jonathan declared a state of emergency in three states.
C) It received support form Al Qaeda affiliates.
D) It views Nigeria's secular education system as corrupt and immoral.
E) It has been chiefly active in the north.
G) C) and E)
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A) The People's Democratic Party (PDP)
B) The All Nigerian People's Party (ANPP)
C) The All Progressives Congress (APC)
D) The National Party of Nigeria (NPN)
E) The Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN)
G) B) and E)
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Contemporary Nigerian politics may be de...View Answer
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A) ethnicity.
B) culture.
C) religion.
D) ideology.
E) language.
G) C) and E)
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A) holds the majority of seats in Senate, but not the House of Representatives.
B) holds the majority of seats in the House of Representatives, but not the Senate.
C) controls the majority of governorships.
D) was formed when several opposition parties united to oppose Goodluck Jonathan in the 2011 presidential election.
E) was the first multiethnic party to be formed in Nigeria.
G) All of the above
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A) Even though they form the bulk of agricultural producers, they are prohibited from owning land.
B) They are grossly underrepresented in the government.
C) Women's groups generally appeared earlier in southern Nigeria than in the north.
D) Increasingly, Nigerian women's groups have begun to focus on explicitly political goals.
E) In many areas of Nigeria, women control trading despite the patriarchal nature of the society.
G) None of the above
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A) They are bound by decisions handed down by the country's Supreme Court.
B) Traditionally, their jurisdiction was limited to civil cases and those involving Islamic personal law.
C) Their decisions have been successfully challenged at the appellate level.
D) They exist in many northern states.
E) Although the president challenged the extension of their jurisdiction into criminal cases, the Supreme Court ruled against him.
G) B) and E)
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A) forced Nigerian elites to bargain and compromise.
B) greatly reduced corruption.
C) significantly weakened divisions based on ethnic identity.
D) forced Nigerian presidents to rely upon state governors to retain power.
E) forced Nigerian parties to adopt fairly specific platforms as a means to enhance their national appeal.
G) All of the above
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