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Fetal development is directed by


A) genetic instructions.
B) the in vitro process.
C) alpha-fetoprotein codes.
D) chorionic gonadotropin.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Alice delivered a set of fraternal twins. Which of the following statements about them is TRUE?


A) They will be exactly alike in terms of their genetic code.
B) They came from an ovum that was fertilized by two sperm.
C) They resulted from two ova, each fertilized by a separate sperm.
D) They came from two ova fertilized by a single sperm.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Spontaneous abortions are most commonly caused by


A) chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus.
B) poor nutritional status of pregnant women.
C) the use of cigarettes by pregnant women.
D) the use of alcohol by pregnant women.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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The earliest point in pregnancy in which a fetus might survive outside of the uterus is the


A) end of the third trimester.
B) end of the second trimester.
C) beginning of the second trimester.
D) middle of the third trimester.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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________________ is the natural process of fertilization of an egg by a sperm.


A) Conception
B) In vitro
C) Genetic coding
D) Insemination

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Describe the process of fertilization and early development, from the release of an egg from an ovary to the implantation of an embryo in the uterus.

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Fraternal twins


A) share the same genetic code.
B) are no more alike than other siblings.
C) result from one ovum fertilized by a single sperm.
D) are always of the same sex.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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A sonogram may detect the presence of a structural abnormality.

A) True
B) False

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Which one of the following is the most customary recommendation regarding exercise during pregnancy?


A) Start a rigorous exercise program.
B) Continue a moderate exercise program.
C) Stop exercising.
D) Increase the intensity of exercise.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The risk for infertility in women increases with age.

A) True
B) False

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Pregnant women with HIV infection


A) are not likely to transmit the virus to the fetus.
B) can reduce the risk of transmission to the baby by taking antiviral drugs.
C) get no benefit from being tested during pregnancy because the fetus will already be infected.
D) will not infect the fetus if the delivery is by Caesarean section.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Tay-Sachs disease is known to affect which ethnic group the greatest?


A) Northern Russian
B) Eastern European with Jewish ancestry
C) Mediterranean heritage
D) Spanish heritage

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Lactation begins how many days after childbirth?


A) 1
B) 3
C) 6
D) 12

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The third trimester is the period of greatest physical stress.

A) True
B) False

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____________ is collecting and concentrating the man's sperm and introducing it by syringe into a woman's vagina or uterus.


A) Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
B) Artificial (intrauterine) insemination
C) Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
D) In vitro fertilization (IVF)

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Braxton Hicks contractions and lightening occur during


A) the first trimester.
B) the second trimester.
C) the third trimester.
D) labour.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The average age of first-time mothers has increased by how many years from 1961 to 2016?


A) 2.2 years
B) 3.9 years
C) 5.6 years
D) has not risen

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for male factor infertility?


A) age
B) congenital disorder
C) testicular disease
D) disorder of sperm transport

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Conception normally occurs in the


A) ovary.
B) uterus.
C) vagina.
D) fallopian tube.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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The primary difference between amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the


A) cost.
B) nature of information that can be obtained from the test.
C) point in time of the pregnancy that the test is performed.
D) level of skill required by the person performing the test.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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