Question 1

Which one of the following ecosystems is most likely to show an inverted biomass pyramid but a normal energy pyramid?

Accepted Answer

A)  grassland
B)  open ocean
C)  intertidal
D)  tropical forestE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

The net weight of all of the organisms living in an ecosystem is its

Accepted Answer

A)  productivity.
B)  biomass.
C)  vital force.
D)  photosynthesis minus metabolism.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

What feature do the carbon and nitrogen cycles have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  a large atmospheric component
B)  involvement in global climate change
C)  often a limiting nutrient
D)  mostly local cyclingE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

NPP is the difference between plant photosynthesis and respiration.Therefore, NPP quantifies the net absorption of what element(s)  by living plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon
B)  phosphorus
C)  nitrogen
D)  oxygenE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

A good average value for the amount of energy that reaches the next trophic level is about

Accepted Answer

A)  20%.
B)  10%.
C)  5%.
D)  2%.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles contain a mineral component?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorus
B)  carbon
C)  nitrogen
D)  oxygenE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Addition of a primary carnivore to an ecosystem can sometimes influence the whole ecosystem.This process is called

Accepted Answer

A)  ecosystem stabilization.
B)  a bottom-up effect.
C)  species turnover.
D)  disruption.
E)  a trophic cascade.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

In an ecosystem, the amount of organic matter produced in a given time that is available for heterotrophs is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  daily yield.
B)   gross primary productivity.
C)  net primary productivity.
D)  effective vitality.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

In the food chain below, what does the garden spider represent? crabgrass-cricket-garden spider-blue jay-red-tailed hawk

Accepted Answer

A)  herbivore
B)  primary producer
C)  primary carnivore
D)  secondary carnivoreE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Which one of the following quantities best represents the respiratory heat lost by plants in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  gross primary productivity
B)  net primary productivity
C)  gross primary productivity - net primary productivity
D)  gross primary productivity - standing crop biomassE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

The scarcity of which two elements limits plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen, nitrogen
B)  nitrogen, phosphorus
C)  oxygen, phosphorus
D)  carbon, nitrogenE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

With almost no exceptions, the nitrogen fixers are

Accepted Answer

A)  beans.
B)  green plants.
C)  insects.
D)  mammals.
E)  prokaryotes.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

Solar energy is the same thing as heat energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In a food chain with four trophic levels, what would be the energy in the top trophic level if the energy contained in the primary producer level is 40,000 kcal/m2/yr? Assume a trophic level transfer efficiency of 10%.

Accepted Answer

A)  4,000 kcal/m2/yr
B)  400 kcal/m2/yr
C)  40 kcal/m2/yr
D)  4 kcal/m2/yrE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following groups do not contain any species that are autotrophs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria
B)  Protista
C)  Plants
D)  Archaea
E)  FungiF) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

In the carbon cycle, ______ from the atmosphere is used in photosynthesis to synthesize carbon-containing organic molecules in a process called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide; combustion
B)  carbon dioxide; carbon fixation
C)  hydrocarbons; oxidation
D)  hydrocarbons; cellular respirationE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

According to MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography theory, which of the following would be expected to have the smallest species richness?

Accepted Answer

A)  the mainland
B)  a large island near the mainland
C)  a large island far from the mainland
D)  a small island near the mainland
E)  a small island far from the mainlandF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

The following figure shows studies in a stream where enclosures were set up either with trout or with no trout.Which statement is a correct interpretation of the graph about trout, invertebrates, and algae?

Accepted Answer

A)  If trout are present in a system, algae production is low and invertebrate population levels are also low.
B)  If trout are present in a system, algae production is high and invertebrate population levels are also high.
C)  If trout are present in a system, algae production is high and invertebrate population levels are low.
D)  Trout do not seem to affect the algae production; only the invertebrate populations are affected.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Even though nitrogen constitutes 78% of Earth's atmosphere, the amount available for living things nearly all comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  a few groups of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
B)  the breakdown of minerals.
C)  a few genera of detritivores.
D)  the breakdown of dead plants.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

In the food chain below, what does the blue jay represent? crabgrass-cricket-garden spider-blue jay-red-tailed hawk

Accepted Answer

A)  herbivore
B)  primary producer
C)  primary carnivore
D)  secondary carnivoreE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 57: Dynamics of Ecosystems

The following figure shows studies in a stream where enclosures were set up either with trout or with no trout.Which statement is a correct interpretation of the graph about trout, invertebrates, and algae?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the food chain below, what does the garden spider represent? crabgrass-cricket-garden spider-blue jay-red-tailed hawk

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an ecosystem, the amount of organic matter produced in a given time that is available for heterotrophs is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles contain a mineral component?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following groups do not contain any species that are autotrophs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Even though nitrogen constitutes 78% of Earth's atmosphere, the amount available for living things nearly all comes from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The net weight of all of the organisms living in an ecosystem is its

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Solar energy is the same thing as heat energy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following quantities best represents the respiratory heat lost by plants in an ecosystem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the carbon cycle, ______ from the atmosphere is used in photosynthesis to synthesize carbon-containing organic molecules in a process called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A good average value for the amount of energy that reaches the next trophic level is about

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following ecosystems is most likely to show an inverted biomass pyramid but a normal energy pyramid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The scarcity of which two elements limits plant growth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

NPP is the difference between plant photosynthesis and respiration.Therefore, NPP quantifies the net absorption of what element(s) by living plants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Addition of a primary carnivore to an ecosystem can sometimes influence the whole ecosystem.This process is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the food chain below, what does the blue jay represent? crabgrass-cricket-garden spider-blue jay-red-tailed hawk

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography theory, which of the following would be expected to have the smallest species richness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With almost no exceptions, the nitrogen fixers are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What feature do the carbon and nitrogen cycles have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a food chain with four trophic levels, what would be the energy in the top trophic level if the energy contained in the primary producer level is 40,000 kcal/m2/yr? Assume a trophic level transfer efficiency of 10%.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In the carbon cycle, from the atmosphere is used in photosynthesis to synthesize carbon-containing organic molecules in a process called .

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In a food chain with four trophic levels, what would be the energy in the top trophic level if the energy contained in the primary producer level is 40,000 kcal/m²/yr? Assume a trophic level transfer efficiency of 10%.

Correct Answer
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