Question 1

Few findings have been consistent on the fact that __________ people are helpful people.

Accepted Answer

A)   happy
B)   well-rested
C)   well-educated
D)   easy-goingE) None of the above
F) A) and C) A

Question 2

Which of the following factors is likely to increase helping behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)   the presence of others who offer help
B)   the presence of others who do nothing
C)   time pressure
D)   being non-religiousE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following seems to contribute to the fact that people in bigger, more densely populated cities are less likely to help?

Accepted Answer

A)   compassion fatigue
B)   diffusion of responsibility
C)   sensory overload from encountering so many people in need
D)   all of the choices are correctE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) D

Question 4

According to the theory of group selection, initially suggested by Darwin,

Accepted Answer

A)   a group of altruists survive better than group of non-altruists.
B)   individual altruists survive better than group of altruists.
C)   a group of individualists survive better than group of non-individualists.
D)   a competitive group survives better than a non-competitive group.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Who of the following is most likely to respond favourably to an unexpected request for a charitable donation to a local hospital?

Accepted Answer

A)   Melvin's older sister, who is hurrying to get to her scheduled appointment with the family doctor.
B)   Melvin's mother, who just received a very favourable job evaluation from her employer.
C)   Melvin's younger brother, who is depressed over receiving a D on a physics exam.
D)   Melvin's father, who is annoyed over the newspaper boy's trampling of his flower bed.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Egoism's ultimate goal is to

Accepted Answer

A)   contribute to another's welfare.
B)   contribute to one's own welfare as well as another's welfare.
C)   contribute to one's own welfare.
D)   contribute to the welfare of next of kin.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D) C

Question 7

The finding that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

Accepted Answer

A)   the bystander effect.
B)   pluralistic ignorance.
C)   the self-interest effect.
D)   the suppression of responsibility effect.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the relationship between gender and helping is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Male helpers are more likely to help female victims than male victims.
B)   Female helpers are equally likely to help female and male victims.
C)   Female helpers are more likely to help male victims than female victims.
D)   None of the choices are correct.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

According to research, helping ___________ a bad mood and __________ positive self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A)   softens; sustains
B)   increases; decreases
C)   increases; sustains
D)   softens; increasesE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews during the Nazi era and civil rights activists of the 1950s report that

Accepted Answer

A)   they came from families who themselves had been victims of some form of social injustice.
B)   they had warm, close relationships with parents who were committed to humanitarian causes.
C)   their efforts were, in part, a reaction to having been raised in a troubled family environment in which parents and children were in frequent conflict.
D)   they were firstborn or only children whose parents had taught them courage and independence.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Nell is exhausted but gets up in the middle of the night to pick up her crying infant. This altruistic behaviour is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)   evolutionary psychology
B)   social norms
C)   none of the choices are correct
D)   all of the choices are correctE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Suzanne, James, William, and Theodore all walk down Wall Street each day and see the same sign requesting donations to an organization that helps poor people. Which of these people is most likely to give a donation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Suzanne, who believes that poor people should work harder to help themselves.
B)   James, who is a high self-monitor.
C)   William, who believes that people can become poor through no fault of their own.
D)   Theodore, who attributes people's poverty to their reckless spending habits.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

According to Donald Campbell, the reason that humans sometimes demonstrate nonreciprocal altruism toward strangers is that

Accepted Answer

A)   unique circumstances have created a genetic predisposition to be selfless in rare individuals.
B)   human societies have evolved ethical rules such as "Love your neighbour."
C)   improved communication has made the world smaller and thus everyone is our kin.
D)   helpers misperceive strangers as either close kin or capable of reciprocity.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

The ultimate goal of altruism is to ______________, and the ultimate goal of egoism is to ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   contribute to another's welfare; contribute to one's own welfare.
B)   contribute to one's own welfare; contribute to one's own welfare.
C)   contribute to another's welfare; contribute to one's own welfare as well as another's welfare.
D)   contribute to the welfare of next of kin; contribute to one's own welfare.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

By 1980, about four dozen studies of bystander non-intervention involving nearly 6,000 people showed that bystanders were most likely to offer help if they were

Accepted Answer

A)   alone.
B)   female.
C)   self-forgetful.
D)   part of a group.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Who among the following psychologists believes that genuine empathy-induced altruism is part of human nature?

Accepted Answer

A)   Darley
B)   Schaller
C)   Cialdini
D)   BatsonE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

The "feel bad-do good" effect occurs most among

Accepted Answer

A)   children.
B)   adults who are self-focused and preoccupied.
C)   adults who are focused on others.
D)   none of the choices are correct.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The doctrine of psychological egoism maintains that

Accepted Answer

A)   self-esteem is a more important motive than social approval.
B)   self-interest motivates all behaviour.
C)   our self-concept is determined by others' evaluation of us.
D)   the healthy personality has a strong ego.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

On a larger scale, service learning and volunteer programs woven into a school curriculum have been shown to

Accepted Answer

A)   increase later citizen involvement, social responsibility, cooperation, and leadership.
B)   promote the self-perception that one is caring and helpful, which in turn promotes further helping.
C)   none of the choices are correct
D)   all of the choices is correctE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Batson concluded that genuine empathy-based altruism is part of human nature, and he hopes that inducing empathy can improve

Accepted Answer

A)   social interactions.
B)   our sense of reciprocity.
C)   the welfare of society.
D)   attitudes toward stigmatized people.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 8: Altruism: Helping Others

Few findings have been consistent on the fact that __________ people are helpful people.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following factors is likely to increase helping behaviour?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following seems to contribute to the fact that people in bigger, more densely populated cities are less likely to help?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

According to the theory of group selection, initially suggested by Darwin,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who of the following is most likely to respond favourably to an unexpected request for a charitable donation to a local hospital?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Egoism's ultimate goal is to

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The finding that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the relationship between gender and helping is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to research, helping ___________ a bad mood and __________ positive self-esteem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews during the Nazi era and civil rights activists of the 1950s report that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nell is exhausted but gets up in the middle of the night to pick up her crying infant. This altruistic behaviour is best explained by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suzanne, James, William, and Theodore all walk down Wall Street each day and see the same sign requesting donations to an organization that helps poor people. Which of these people is most likely to give a donation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Donald Campbell, the reason that humans sometimes demonstrate nonreciprocal altruism toward strangers is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ultimate goal of altruism is to ______________, and the ultimate goal of egoism is to ________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By 1980, about four dozen studies of bystander non-intervention involving nearly 6,000 people showed that bystanders were most likely to offer help if they were

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who among the following psychologists believes that genuine empathy-induced altruism is part of human nature?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "feel bad-do good" effect occurs most among

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The doctrine of psychological egoism maintains that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On a larger scale, service learning and volunteer programs woven into a school curriculum have been shown to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Batson concluded that genuine empathy-based altruism is part of human nature, and he hopes that inducing empathy can improve

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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According to research, helping _ a bad mood and positive self-esteem.

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The ultimate goal of altruism is to , and the ultimate goal of egoism is to __.

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